intro to stuttering

What are stuttering like disfluencies

• sound syllable repetitions

• Prolongations ( audible sound prolongation)

• Blocks ( inaudible sound prolongation)

Repetitions

Sound, syllable, or whole word repetitions

Prolongations

Sounds or airflow continues movement of articulators is stopped

Blocks

Stoppage of airflow or voicing, movement of articulators is stopped

• any level respiratory/largngeal

• May be accompanied by tremors of lips, tongue and/or jaw

Three components of stuttering

1. Core behaviors

2. Secondary behaviors ( avoidance, escape)

3. Feelings and attitudes

ABC of stuttering

A: affective - feelings/reactions, impact on communication

B: behavioral/physiological - what types of stuttering/ physical reactions to strutting is my client exhibiting

C: cognitive - what kinds of thought patterns/core beliefs does my client hold about strutting

Fluency disorders classifications

• devepmental stuttering

• Cluttering

• Acquired stuttering

• Psychogenic stuttering

When does stuttering emerge

• in children between 2 and 3.5 years old

• Often begins with repetitions

• Can be sudden intermediate or gradual

What percent of preschoolers recover from stuttering Without intervention

• 80%

• Called spontaneous, unassisted, or natural recovery

What are the signs of an elevated chance of stuttering

• family history of stuttering

• Males

• Onset after 3 ½

• Lower speech sound skills

• Lower expressive & receptive skills

• Higher stuttering frequency

• Stable/ not decreasing in stuttering

• Persists for more than 6-12 months

• Higher reactive temperament

Children linguistic factors

• more likely to stutter on pronouns and function words as opposed to content words

Adult linguistic factors

More likely to stutter on

• initial consonants

• Longer words ( multisyllabic)

• Words at the beginning of sentences

• Content words ( nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs)

Adaptation

the tendency to gradually stutter less and less over the course of reading a passage 5-6 times

Consistency

Tendency for pws to stutter on the same words when they read a passage more than once

Anticipation

The ability to predict what words or sound an individual will stutter on

• not as prevalent in children

• Not all people anticipate

SLP role of stuttering

• coach

• Getting our clients to believe change is possible

  • Create their own version of change with our assistance

• Reduce the negative impact ( in more than one)

• Say what they want to say , when they want to say it

• Start living their lives

• Modifier behaviors