Chap1- Anatomical Terminology-2

Anatomy

The study of structures or body parts and their relationships to one another.

Gross anatomy

The study of macroscopic structures in anatomy.

Histology

The study of microscopic structures.

Anatomical position

Body is erect, feet together, palms facing forward, thumbs pointing away from the body.

Superior

A part that is above another or closer to the head.

Inferior

A part that is below another or towards the feet.

Anterior

Towards the front of the body.

Posterior

Towards the back of the body.

Medial

Relates to the imaginary midline dividing the body into equal right and left halves.

Lateral

Towards the side with respect to the imaginary midline.

Ipsilateral

On the same side of the body.

Contralateral

On the opposite side of the body.

Proximal

Closer to the trunk of the body or another point of reference.

Distal

Farther from the trunk of the body or another point of reference.

Superficial

Situated near the surface.

Deep

Parts that are more internal.

Body cavities

Hollow spaces within the human body that contain internal organs.

Dorsal cavity

Cavity located towards the back of the body, divided into cranial and vertebral cavities.

Ventral cavity

Cavity located towards the front of the body, divided into thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities.

Cranial cavity

Cavity that holds the brain.

Vertebral cavity

Cavity that holds the spinal cord.

Thoracic cavity

Cavity that holds the heart and lungs.

Abdominal cavity

Cavity that holds digestive organs.

Pelvic cavity

Cavity that holds the urinary bladder and reproductive organs.

Pleural cavity

Cavity that holds the lungs.

Pericardial cavity

Cavity that holds the heart.

Parietal membrane

Lining of body cavity.

Visceral membrane

Covering of internal organs.

Integumentary system

System that protects the body.

Skeletal system

System providing support and movement.

Muscular system

System responsible for movement.

Nervous system

System involved in integration and coordination.

Endocrine system

System that regulates hormones.

Digestive system

System that processes food.

Respiratory system

System that facilitates breathing.

Circulatory system

System that circulates blood.

Lymphatic system

System that helps in immune response.

Urinary system

System that removes waste from the body.

Reproductive system

System involved in transmitting genetic information.

Sagittal plane

Divides the body into left and right sections.

Midsagittal (median) plane

Divides the body into equal halves at midline.

Frontal (coronal) plane

Divides the body into anterior and posterior sections.

Transverse (horizontal) plane

Divides the body into superior and inferior sections.

Abdominopelvic regions

Nine regions used to subdivide the abdominal area.

Hypochondriac region

Upper lateral region under the rib cage.

Epigastric region

Central region above the stomach.

Umbilical region

Central region around the belly button.

Lumbar region

Middle lateral region of the lower back.

Iliac region

Lower lateral regions of the abdomen.

CT Scan

A diagnostic imaging procedure using X-rays to create detailed images of internal structures.

MRI

A medical imaging technique that uses magnetism to create images of the body's internal structures.

Ultrasound

A diagnostic imaging technique that uses high-frequency sound waves to visualize internal organs.

Sonogram

An image generated from ultrasound.

Medical imaging

Techniques essential for diagnosing a wide range of disorders.

Hydrogen ion nuclei

The most common type of nuclei used in MRI.

Cross sections

Views of body structures from various planes.

Functional organization

Classification of organ systems by their functions.

Homeostasis

The body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment.

Regional anatomy

Study of anatomical structures in specific regions.

Axial part

Includes the head, neck, and trunk.

Appendicular part

Includes the limbs attached to the body's axial part.

Macromolecule

Large molecules vital for biological functions.

Organelle

Specialized structures within a cell.

Tissue

Groups of cells with similar structure and function.

Organ system

Groups of organs that work together to perform complex functions.

Organism

A living entity made up of multiple organ systems.

Cavity lining

Tissue that covers and protects internal structures.

Organ covering

Membranes that encapsulate organs.

Antebrachial

Relating to the forearm.

Cubital

Relating to the elbow.

Femoral

Relating to the thigh.

Gluteal

Relating to the buttock.

Lumbar

Relating to the lower back.

Pediatric

Relating to the medical care of children.

Celiac

Relating to the abdomen.

Cephalic

Relating to the head.

Costal

Relating to the ribs.

Pulmonary

Relating to the lungs.

Visceral

Relating to internal organs.

Dorsal

Relating to the back of the body.

Ventral

Relating to the front of the body.