hematology overview ch1

hematology

the study of blood and blood forming organs

responds to viral infections

lymphocytes

responds to bacterial infections

neutrophils

55% of whole blood

plasma

<1% of whole blood

buffy coat

contains leukocytes and platelets

buffy coat

45% of whole blood

erythrocytes

buffy coat and erythrocytes

formed elements

red blood cells

erythrocytes

white blood cells

leukocytes

anticoagulant (EDTA)

lavender tubes contain

high biliruben

darker plasma

plasma

contains water, ions, proteins

red blood cells

transport oxygen and facilitates transport of CO2

platelets

thrombocytes

platelets

necessary for hemostasis

white blood cells

defense against foreign antigens such as bacteria and viruses

no

do fully developed RBCs contain nuclei?

newborns have a _____ RBC concentration, Hb, and WBC count compared to adults

higher

after puberty, males have a _____ RBC concentration, Hb, and Hct compared to females

higher

every lab should have the same reference intervals

false

blood clotting in response to an injury

hemostasis

components of lab testing

pre examination, examination, post examination

measures number of platelets in peripheral circulation

platelet count

clot based tests used to evaluate coag proteins

prothrombin time and partial thromoplastin time

achieving the best patient outcomes without sacrificing quality

quadruple aim

50-70% of wbcs

neutrophils

injest and destroy invading microorganisms

neutrophils

coordinate early phase of acute inflammation

neutrophils

5% of wbcs

eosinophils

phagocytic against parasites

eosinophils

0.5% of wbcs

basophils

migrate to tissues to become mast cells, release of histamine contributes to inflammation

basophils

allergic reactions mediated by immunoglobulin E

basophils

1-5% of wbcs

monocytes

respond chemotactically to invading microorganisms and sites of inflammation

monocytes

part of macrophage network

monocytes

key part of cell mediated immune response

monocytes

20-40% of wbcs

lymohocytes

generate specific immune responses

lymphocytes

B cells become plasma cells and secrete antibodies, mediating humoral immunity

lymphocytes

T cells provide cell mediated immunity (destruction of virally infected cells)

lymphocytes

why is EDTA preferred as an anticoagulant

it preserves red blood cell morphology best

best results are obtained when smears are prepared within ____ after collection

2 hours

if hematocrit is low….

raise angle to create thicker smear

most common stain for peripheral blood stains is

wright giemsa stain

cationic/basic dyes dye

nucleic acids

basic/cationic stains are

blue

acidic/ anionic stains dye

hemoglobin

anionic/acidic stains are

orange/red

romanowsky stains use a buffer to maintain the pH between

6.4 and 6.8

our automatic stainer is called

hematek

a thin smear is caused by

too small of an angle