Concentration Guide for Chapters 4 and 5 (OpenStax)

A collection of flashcards summarizing key concepts from Chapters 4 and 5 of the OpenStax A&P textbook, covering tissue types, integumentary system functions, and skin-related conditions.

What are the common characteristics of epithelial tissues?

Epithelial tissues are characterized by closely packed cells, polarity, a basement membrane, avascularity, and a high regenerative capacity.

Why do skin cancers tend to develop and spread quickly?

Skin cancers tend to develop and spread quickly due to the high rate of cell turnover and the exposure of skin cells to damage from UV radiation.

What is the difference between endocrine and exocrine glands?

Endocrine glands secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream, while exocrine glands secrete their products via ducts to specific sites.

What are gap junctions, desmosomes, and tight junctions?

Gap junctions allow cell communication, desmosomes provide mechanical stability, and tight junctions create a barrier to leakage between cells.

What is keratin and what role does it play in stratified squamous epithelium?

Keratin is a protective protein that helps to waterproof and strengthen the outer layer of skin, found in stratified squamous epithelium.

What is the function of adipose tissue?

Adipose tissue stores energy, provides insulation, and serves as cushion for organs.

Describe the main functions of the integumentary system.

The integumentary system protects the body, regulates temperature, aids in vitamin D synthesis, and provides sensory information.

What is the normal pH of skin and why is it important?

The normal pH of skin is around 4.5-5.5, which is important for inhibiting bacterial growth.

What is the role of defensins and dermicidins in the skin?

Defensins and dermicidins are antimicrobial peptides that help protect the skin from infection by killing bacteria.

What is the significance of eccrine and apocrine sweat glands?

Eccrine glands are responsible for regulating body temperature through sweat, while apocrine glands are associated with body odor and are activated during stress or puberty.

What causes fingerprints?

Fingerprints are caused by the patterns of dermal papillae, which are the projections of the dermis into the epidermis.

What are the main functions of the pigments carotene, hemoglobin, and melanin in the skin?

Carotene provides skin color, hemoglobin gives a pinkish hue, and melanin protects against UV radiation.

What are the ABCDs of melanoma?

ABCDs of melanoma include Asymmetry, Border irregularity, Color variation, and Diameter greater than 6mm.

What are the phases of skin injury repair?

The phases of skin injury repair are inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling.

What distinguishes first, second, and third degree burns?

First degree burns affect only the epidermis, second degree burns involve the epidermis and part of the dermis, and third degree burns damage all layers of skin.

What is the pressing concern with severe burns, fluid loss or infection?

Fluid loss is often the most pressing concern with severe burns, as it can lead to shock and dehydration.