General Chemistry Lab Manual — Common Compounds (Vocabulary Flashcards)

50 vocabulary flashcards covering common acids, bases, salts, hydrates, oxides, and related substances from the notes.

Hydrochloric acid

A strong mineral acid with formula HCl; also called muriatic acid.

Muriatic acid

Synonym for hydrochloric acid.

Sulfuric acid

A strong mineral acid with formula H2SO4; historically known as oil of vitriol.

Nitric acid

A strong mineral acid with formula HNO3; oxidizing acid used in nitration.

Aqua fortis

Latin name for nitric acid.

Aqua regia

Mixture of nitric acid and hydrochloric acid; dissolves noble metals.

Glacial acetic acid

Concentrated acetic acid (around 100%); used as a solvent and reagent.

Acetic acid

Weak carboxylic acid, CH3COOH; common in vinegar.

Acetic acid, conc. soln.

Concentrated solution of acetic acid.

Vinegar

Dilute aqueous solution of acetic acid.

Boric acid

Weak monobasic acid, H3BO3; used as a buffering agent.

Hydrocyanic acid

Toxic weak acid, HCN.

Sodium hydroxide

Strong base; NaOH; also called caustic soda.

Potassium hydroxide

Strong base; KOH; also called caustic potash.

Calcium hydroxide

Base Ca(OH)2; used as lime and in limewater solutions.

Ammonium hydroxide

Aqueous ammonia; NH4OH; basic solution.

Ammonia water

Aqueous solution of ammonia; NH3 in water.

Lime water

Aqueous calcium hydroxide solution used to test CO2.

Slaked lime

Solid calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2).

White wash

Calcium hydroxide paste used as limewash for coating surfaces.

Baryta water

Aqueous solution of barium hydroxide, Ba(OH)2.

Magnesium hydroxide

Mg(OH)2; a sparingly soluble base; sold as milk of magnesia.

Milk of Magnesia

Suspension of magnesium hydroxide in water.

Sodium chloride

NaCl; common table salt; widely used electrolyte.

Sodium bicarbonate

NaHCO3; baking soda; mild base and leavening agent.

Calcium carbonate

CaCO3; common carbonate in limestone, marble, chalk.

Calcium fluoride

CaF2; fluorite; a mineral form of calcium fluoride.

Potassium nitrate

KNO3; saltpeter; oxidizer used in fertilizers and explosives.

Sodium nitrate

NaNO3; Chile saltpeter; oxidizer in fertilizers.

Sodium carbonate (anhydrous)

Na2CO3; soda ash; common alkaline salt.

Mercurous chloride

Hg2Cl2; calomel; historically called corrosive sublimate.

Mercuric chloride

HgCl2; corrosive sublimate; toxic mercury salt.

Barium sulfate

BaSO4; barite; an insoluble white salt.

Silver nitrate

AgNO3; lunar caustic; used as a disinfectant and in qualitative analysis.

Lead chromate

PbCrO4; chrome yellow pigment.

Lead sulfide

PbS; galena; primary ore of lead.

Ammonium chloride

NH4Cl; sal ammoniac; white crystalline salt used in fluxes.

Lead acetate

Pb(C2H3O2)2 or Pb(CH3COO)2; historically called sugar of lead.

Sodium silicate

Na2SiO3; waterglass; used as an adhesive and sealant.

Copper sulfate pentahydrate

CuSO4·5H2O; blue vitriol; hydrated copper salt.

Sodium tetraborate decahydrate

Na2B4O7·10H2O; borax.

Ferrous sulfate heptahydrate

FeSO4·7H2O; green vitriol; ferrous sulfate heptahydrate.

Magnesium sulfate heptahydrate

MgSO4·7H2O; Epsom salts.

Sodium sulfate decahydrate

Na2SO4·10H2O; Glauber’s salts.

Calcium sulfate dihydrate

CaSO4·2H2O; gypsum.

Calcium sulfate hemihydrate

CaSO4·0.5H2O; plaster of Paris.

Sodium thiosulfate pentahydrate

Na2S2O3·5H2O; hypo; used in photography as a fixer.

Sodium carbonate decahydrate

Na2CO3·10H2O; washing soda crystals.

Potassium sodium tartrate

KNaC4H4O6; Rochelle/Seignette salt; aka tartrate salt.

Cream of tartar

Potassium bitartrate; KHC4H4O6; used in baking.