Respiratory infections 3: Pnuemonia

In acute exacerbations of COPD, most patients are not going to benefit from antibacterial therapy unless ____ or ___ ___ can be ruled out.

pneumonia, flu, COVID

The inflammation of the gas exchanging structures in pneumonia is generally more severe than __________.

bronchitis

The cutoff between community-acquired and hospital-acquired pneumonia is typically around ____ ______ after hospital admission.

48 hours

In cases of pneumonia, a significant concern with older patients is an increased likelihood of ___ _______ forms of bacteria.

drug resistant

The three major pathogens for community-acquired pneumonia are __________, __________, and atypical respiratory pathogens.

strep pneumoniae, h influenzae

In patients with community-acquired pneumonia, identifying the organism is often challenging because it requires __________ sampling techniques.

invasive

In community-acquired pneumonia, respiratory viruses can be significant but are generally not the primary focus for __________ treatment.

bacterial

Among community acquired pneumonia pathogens, __________ and __________ are often seen less as the severity of pneumonia increases.

strep pneumoniae, h influenzae

In patients with community-acquired pneumonia, the presence of gram-positive rods in sputum culture may be a __________ result.

falsely positive

For patients classified as having community-acquired pneumonia, therapies typically incorporate __________ and the degree of severity.

empirical treatment

An early indicator for the patient's risk of drug resistant bacteria includes their __________.

age

When treating community-acquired pneumonia, one must consider the __________ of prior antibiotic use.

recent history

The consequence of not treating pneumonia appropriately could lead to __________ failure or even death.

respiratory

Amoxicillin has limited coverage against __________ pneumonia pathogens.

atypical

If no antibiotic resistance is suspected, patients with community-acquired pneumonia may be treated with __________.

narrow spectrum therapy

A typical treatment for a patient with community-acquired pneumonia includes a combination of a beta-lactam and __________.

macrolide

Signs of pneumonia may include fever, cough, and __________ on chest imaging.

infiltrates

For a 72-year-old patient, significant concern about pneumonia includes potential __________ due to their age.

complications

The broader antibiotic options for treating pneumonia include fluoroquinolones like __________.

levofloxacin