axial skeletons

Sagittal – midline between parietals

Coronal – between frontal and parietals

Squamosal – between parietal and temporal

Lambdoid – between parietals and occipital

Frontal – forehead

Supraorbital foramina – above eye socket

Parietal – top sides of skull

Occipital – back of head

Foramen magnum – spinal cord hole

Hypoglossal canal – for cranial nerve

Occipital condyles – articulate with spine

Temporal – sides of skull

Zygomatic process – forms cheek arch

Mandibular fossa – jaw joint socket

External acoustic meatus – ear canal

Styloid/Mastoid processes – projections below ear

Stylomastoid/Jugular/Carotid foramen/canal – base of skull

Internal acoustic meatus – inner ear nerve canal

Sphenoid – inside skull, behind eyes

Sella turcica – holds pituitary

Optic canal, orbital fissure – eye nerves

Foramen rotundum, ovale, spinosum – cranial nerves

Ethmoid – roof of nasal cavity

Crista galli, Cribriform plates

Nasal conchae – inside nasal cavity

Nasal, Lacrimal, Zygomatic – facial bones

Mandible – lower jaw

Coronoid/Condylar process – upper ends

Mandibular/Mental foramina – holes for nerves

Body, Ramus – main jaw parts

Maxilla – upper jaw

Dental alveoli – tooth sockets

Zygomatic process

Palatine- deep facial bones

Hyoid Bone – floating bone in neck

Cervical (C1–C7)

Transverse foramen

Atlas (C1) – supports skull

Axis (C2) – has dens

Thoracic (T1–T12)

Costal & Demifacets – for rib joints

Lumbar (L1–L5)

Pleurapophysis – modified transverse process

Sacrum

Promontory, Transverse ridges, Foramina, Crests, Sacral canal

Coccyx

Sternum

Manubrium

Jugular/Clavicular notch

Xiphoid process

Ribs-Head, Tubercle, Neck, Angle, Shaft

Costal/Articular facet

Palatine process

Frontal process

infraorbital foramen of maxilla

vomer- deep facial bones