What is earth science,earth systems, science and scientific method, measurments,communicating in science( Unit #1)

Earth Science

The study of Earth’s interior, its rocks and soil, its atmosphere, its oceans, and outer space. (study of Earth) rocks and soil, atmosphere,

Big ideas

act as a framework for understanding new information. aks unifying principals

4 unifying principals

1. Heat inside Earth and radiation from the Sun provide energy for Earth’s processes. (convection) 2. Physical forces, such as gravity, and friction affect the movement of all matter on Earth and throughout the universe 3. Matter and energy move among Earth’s rocks and soil (lithosphere), atmosphere, waters (hydrosphere), and living things (biosphere) 4. Earth has changed over time and continues to changed

what is earths convection

Heat inside Earth causes magma to rise and fall in a slow cycle.– making mountains, earthquakes, and volcanoes

Radiation from the sun

heat from the sun that warms Earth’s surface giving us bright summer days. It also causes wind to blow, ocean currents to flow, and moves water from the ground to the atmosphere. 

why is radiation important ?

affects our weather and climate so we Know what types of crops to plant and when to plant them. (Agriculture).

Know when to watch for dangerous weather such as tornadoes and hurricanes.

why is convection important

is essential for the transfer of heat within the Earth, influencing geologic activity, including plate tectonics, volcanic eruptions, and the formation of various landforms.

what is gravity

an attraction that pulls two objects together

what is friction

a force that occurs when two objects rub against each other.

why is understanding forces important

Understanding forces allows people to:

1. Predict how objects and materials move on Earth.

2. Send spacecraft and equipment into space.

3. Explain and predict the movements of Earth, the Moon, planets, and stars. 

why is matter and energy moving important?

can help with,

• Predict how temperature change in oceans might affect weather

• Explains how water in the ocean can become rain.

• Explain where organisms on the ocean floor get energy

Lithosphere-

outer shell of the Earth.

what does the lithosphere include?

the crust, and the solid uppermost part of the layer below the crust (the mantle)

what is the hydrosphere?

all the water in the Earth’s oceans, seas, lakes, rivers, and glaciers; in addition to all the water in the atmosphere.

what is the biosphere?

all the organisms on Earth as well as the environments in which they live.

Geology-

the study of materials that make up the Earth and the processes that form and change these materials.

Meteorology-

the study of the air that surrounds our planet.

Oceanography

he study of the Earth’s oceans, which cover nearly three-fourths of the planet.

Oceanographers-

study organisms that live in salty water and measure physical and chemical properties of the ocean.

Astronomy

the study of all objects beyond Earth’s atmosphere.

science-

the process of observing, studying, and thinking about natural things.

SI units for length,

Meter(m)

SI units for weight

Newton (N)

SI unit for mass

gram (g)

SI unit for volume

Cubic centimeter or milliliter(cm³ or mL)

SI unit for temp.

celsius c

SI unit for density

 g/mL or g/cm ³

used to measure mass-

a triple beam balance.

how can you find the volume of an object

L times W time H

how to find density

mass/volume

Scientific Theories and can they be changed

An explanation based on many observations made during repeated experiments.

valid only if it is consistent with observations and makes predictions that can be tested.

can be changed

Scientific Law

• A basic fact that describes a behavior of a natural phenomenon or pattern.  A “rule of nature”.

• The cause of the law may not be known.

• Can change as new information becomes available.