Thermo test 2 Nader

Natural process

process that occurs spontaneously in nature without human intervention

Power

Work done per unit time

Heat engine

Device that converts Heat to work

Refrigerator

Removes heat from a cold space (inside the fridge) and throws it outside (Cools)

Heat Pump

Takes heat from outside (even cold air) and moves it inside (Heats)

Carnot cycle

The highest efficiency cycle between 2 thermal energy reservoirs

Turbine

Goal: Produce work (power)

- Converts energy from a fluid (steam, gas, water) into mechanical energy

Pump

Moves liquid to increase pressure

Compressor

Moves gas to increase pressure

Heat exchanger

transfers heat between two fluids (liquids or gases) without mixing them.

Throttling valve

a device that causes a large drop in pressure of a fluid without producing any work. (Entropy stays constant)

Isentropic process

Adiabatic and reversible process with constant entropy.

Reversible process

A process that can be reversed without leaving a trace on surroundings

adiabatic process

No heat is transferred between the process and the surroundings

Steady-Flow process

a process where a fluid flows through a control volume steadily, conditions do not change with time.

Transient process

when properties change with time inside a system

Flow work

energy required to push fluid into or out of a control volume. Wf= Pv

Nozzle

Accelerates a fluid and lowers pressure

Diffuser

slows down a fluid while increasing its pressure.

Mixing chamber

exchanges energy between fluids by mixing them

Area under T-s diagram

represents reversible heat transfer

incompressible substance

substance whose volume or density is constant

Thermal Energy Reservoir

big mass of thermal energy that can hand out or absorb heat without itself changing temperature

Clausius Statement

Its impossible to make a device that produces no effect other than to transfer heat from cold to hot

Entropy

degree of dissorder and randomness

Isentropic efficiency

a parameter that shows how efficient an actual device is compared to an ideal one