#2 American Revolution Review

The first form of government for the United States that placed most power in the hands of the states rather than the central government

The Articles of Confederation

Legislation passed by Parliament to punish the colonists for the Boston Tea Party

Intolerable Acts

Farmers in western Massachusetts rebelled to stop farm foreclosures, leading to the need for the Constitutional Convention

Shays's Rebellion

The event during which the Sons of Liberty dumped crates of tea into Boston Harbor

Boston Tea Party

Father of the Constitution

James Madison

Group that attempted to persuade the states to ratify the Constitution

Federalists

The final attempt of the Second Continental Congress to make peace with Great Britain

Olive Branch Petition

The agreement that ended the Revolutionary War and granted American independence from Great Britain

The Treaty of Paris 1783

A meeting in Philadelphia to revise the Articles of Confederation that resulted in the development of a new constitution

Constitutional Convention

The final decisive battle of the Revolutionary War where General Cornwallis surrendered to George Washington

The Battle of Yorktown

This act was developed to survey and divide western lands for sale

Land Ordinance of 1785

The French officer who served with George Washington and helped to secure financial help and military training for the American troops

Marquis de LaFayette

The first conflict of the Revolutionary War ("Shot heard 'round the world")

Lexington and Concord

This group attempted to persuade states not to ratify the Constitution until a Bill of Rights had been added

Anti-Federalists

The first ten amendments to the US Constitution that protected individual rights

The Bill of Rights

The idea that the government should be based on consent of the people

Republicanism

He was the first Chief Justice of the Supreme Court

John Jay

Powers divided between the central and state governments

Federalism

Document written by Thomas Jefferson to explain why the Colonies sought independence from Great Britain

Declaration of Independence

First Secretary of the Treasury whose financial plan contributed to the formation of the first political parties in America

Alexander Hamilton

A provision in which 3 of every 5 slaves would be counted for the purpose of representation, but also taxation

Three-fifths Compromise

This was the first large-scale battle of the Revolutionary War

The Battle of Bunker Hill

Violent event in Massachusetts where 5 colonists were killed by British troops

Boston Massacre

Colonial political resistors led by Samuel Adams

Sons of Liberty

The former slave who was among those killed during the Boston Massacre

Crispus Attucks

Plan proposed by William Patterson that would have each state equally represented in Congress

New Jersey Plan

He protested the idea of taxation without representation by claiming "Give me liberty or give me death!"

Patrick Henry

This was the turning-point battle of the Revolutionary War that secured aid from the French

The Battle of Saratoga

A provision that Congress could only regulate the slave tre until 1808

Slave Trade Compromise

System that prevents any branch of government from dominating the others

Checks and Balances

Proposed a bicameral legislature where both houses would be determined by a state's population

Virginia Plan

Essays written by Hamilton, Madison, and Jay to convince the people of New York state to ratify the Constitution

Federalist Papers

Commander in Chief of the Continental Army during the American Revolution

George Washington

A plan proposed by Roger Sherman calling for one house of Congress to be based on population and the other house to have each state equally represented

Great Compromise

First direct tax on the colonists

Stamp Act

This act established the process by which territories became states and outlawed slavery in the Northwest Territory

Northwest Ordinance of 1787

Pamphlet written by Thomas Paine that justified the independence movement

Common Sense

A group of taxes aimed at generating revenue to pay for the English army in the Colonies

Townshend Acts