6.2 the blood system

erythrocyte

erythrocyte

red blood cells that transport oxygen in haemoglobin molecules

leukocyte

white blood cells

lymphocyte

b-cells, t-cells, for immune response

phagocyte

“eat up” pathogens and dead cells

platelets

clotting of blood following damage to cells or erythrocytes

plasma

dissolves or carries all other components of blood, nutrients, waste

myogenic

beating of the heart due to ________ muscle contraction

artery

carry high pressure blood away from the heart to tissues that need it

vein

carry low pressure blood back to heart using valves to ensure blood goes in the correct direction

capillary

very small, penetrate every tissue in body, blood moves slowly under low pressure, exchange of substances

pulmonary

pertaining to the lungs

oxygen nutrients antibodies hormones carbon dioxide urea

along with heat, the blood carries o_______, n________, a________, h_________, c_______ ____, u

thick no no high narrow away from heart

arteries have (thick/thinnest/thin) walls, exchanges of o2 co2 and nutrients (yes/no), internal valves (yes/no), (high/low) pressure, (narrow/wide) lumen, and blood flowing

thinnest yes no low narrow from arteries to veins

capillaries have (thick/thinnest/thin) walls, exchanges of o2 co2 and nutrients (yes/no), internal valves (yes/no), (high/low) pressure, (narrow/wide) lumen, and blood flowing

1 cell thick

the walls of capillaries are

thin no yes low wide back to heart

veins have (thick/thinnest/thin) walls, exchanges of o2 co2 and nutrients (yes/no), internal valves (yes/no), (high/low) pressure, (narrow/wide) lumen, and blood flowing

william harvey

who correctly described the circulation of the blood with the heart acting as the pump?

leaks bulges high pressure maintains

ARTERY structures to functions

thick outer layer: prevents _______ and _______

thick wall: withstands _____ _________

narrow lumen: ________ high pressure

pulses push blood heart low slow blood

VEINS structure to functions

thin layer: blood does not flow in ______

thin walls: nearby muscles can help ______ _______ towards ______

thin outer layer: ___ pressure

wide lumen: accommodates ______ flowing ______

diffusion small plasma tissue phagocytes small

CAPILLARIES structure to functions

wall is one cell layer thick: distance for ________ is ______

pores: allow _______ to leak out and form _____ fluid, ________ also pass through

very narrow lumen: many can fit in a ______ space

low high heart right oxygenated high

double circulation: deoxygenated blood (___ O2, ___ CO2) returns to the ______ via the ______ atrium, and it’s pumped from the right ventricle to the lungs, where CO2 is offloaded and oxygen is gotten. now it’s __________ blood (___ O2, ___ CO2) and the oxygenated blood enters the left atrium and is pumped from the left ventricle to the body, where the oxygen is used for respiration and CO2 is collected as a waste product

okay!

go label the parts of the heart under the helpful websites for 6.2 tab!

myogenic muscle contraction

the heart beat is initiated by

sinoatrial node

another name for the “pacemaker” of the heart is the

epinephrine

adrenaline is also known as ______ and it prepares the heart for _________ _______, sometimes referred to as a _____ or _______ response

double circuit 2 1

blood is considered a ________ _______ because it passes through the heart _ times on _ circuit of the body

low high right ventricle high low left ventricle respiration CO2

deoxygenated blood (___ O2, ___ CO2) returns to the heart via the right atrium. it’s pumped from the _____ _______ to the lungs, CO2 is offloaded, O2 is gotten. now it’s oxygenated blood (___ O2, ___ CO2). now the oxygenated blood enters the left atrium and is pumped from the _____ _________ to the rest of the body, where the oxygen is used for ________ and the ___ is collected as a waste product

lungs

right ventricle goes to

myogenic muscle contration sinoatrial node atria nerves ventricles medulla epinephrine

the control of the heartbeat! ________ _______ _________ initiates the heartbeat, which is not a conscious process. the ________ ____ controls the rate of the heart beat. a wave of extractions is sent, the _____ contracts, conducted to atrioventricular node and passed through the _______ to the ________, which contract. in the _______, chemoreceptors can detect more CO2 in the blood, which releases __________ which prepares for physical activity

okay!!

go look at the graph of the heartbeat and questions in the slides or your packet!!

atrial systole, isovolumetric contraction, rapid ejection, reduced ejection, isovolumetric relaxation, rapid ventricular filling, reduced ventricular filling

in order, the cardiac cycle (7 stages) go

atrial systole, isovolumetric contraction, rapid ejection, reduced ejection

which parts of the cardiac cycle are part of systole?

isovolumetric relaxation, rapid ventricular filling, reduced ventricular filling

which parts of the cardiac cycle are part of diastole?

coronary arteries myocardial infarction

a blockage in the ________ _________ leads to a _______ __________, which is where a section of cardiac muscle doesn’t get enough energy/nutrients and dies

superior and inferior vena cava pulmonary veins

atrial systole: right atrium collects blood from _____, left atrium collects blood from _________ ______

QRS complex t wave AV SL

isovolumetric contraction: Av valves close. electrically: the interval between ___ _______ and end of _ _____. mechanically: inverval between closing of __ valves and opening of __ valves

SL open

rapid ejection: __ valves ______

SL close

reduced ejection: __ valves _____

AV close

isovolumetric relaxation: __ valves _____

AV atria ventricles

rapid ventricular filling: __ valves have opened, blood that accumulated in the _____ flows rapidly to __________

last

reduced ventricular filling is the ____ stage of the cardiac cycle

relaxed relaxed contracted relaxed relaxed contracted

the cardiac cycle, diastole, atrial systole, ventricular systole

in diastole: the atria is _________ and the ventricles are _________

in atrial systole: the atria is _________ and the ventricles are _________

in ventricular systole: the atria is _________ and the ventricles are _________

heart veins into ventricles into arteries

the cardiac cycle, diastole, atrial systole, ventricular systole

diastole: blood flows into ______ from _____

atrial systole: blood pushed ____ ________

ventricular systole: blood pushed _____ _________

open open closed

the cardiac cycle, diastole, atrial systole, ventricular systole

diastole: AV valve ____

atrial systole: ____

ventricular systole: _____

closed closed open

the cardiac cycle, diastole, atrial systole, ventricular systole

diastole: SL valve ____

atrial systole: _____

ventricular systole: _____

high blood pressure force artery plaque

cause and consequences of occlusion in coronary arteries (heart attacks)

genetic: predisposed for high cholestorol levels/high blood pressure. _ _ _: added _____ against ______ walls, extra pressure damages, more vulnerable to to _______ buildup, atherosclerosis

elasticity arteries

cause and consequences of occlusion in coronary arteries (heart attacks)

age: less ________ in ________

visceral inflammation

cause and consequences of occlusion in coronary arteries (heart attacks)

sex: males at greater risk, abdominal fat is ________ fat that encases internal organs causes _________ by releasing proteins and hormones

blood vessels oxygenation clotting

cause and consequences of occlusion in coronary arteries (heart attacks)

smoking: constricts _____ _______, increases blood pressure and heart rate, decreases __________ of heart, more platelets lead to _______

plaque arteries

cause and consequences of occlusion in coronary arteries (heart attacks)

diet: more fat/cholesterol in blood leads to _______ formation in ________

weakened circulation

cause and consequences of occlusion in coronary arteries (heart attacks)

exercise:

cortisol hormones atherosclerosis

cause and consequences of occlusion in coronary arteries (heart attacks)

stress: increased ________ _________ in blood, increased ___________