AP Euro Timeline : Dates to Know (copy)

Hundred Years’ War

A series of conflicts between England and France from 1337 to 1453 that ended in 1453.

Invention of the Printing Press

Invented by Johannes Gutenberg, it increased literacy rates and contributed to the Renaissance.

Protestant Reformation

A movement initiated by Martin Luther in 1517 that led to the fragmentation of the Catholic Church.

Peace Treaty of Augsburg

1555 treaty that ended religious warfare in Germany and established a principle of state sovereignty.

St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre

A targeted assassination and wave of Catholic mob violence against Huguenots in 1572.

Edict of Nantes

Issued in 1598, it granted religious toleration to Huguenots and ended conflicts.

Dutch East India Company

Established in 1600, it was one of the world's first multinational corporations.

Louis XIV's Reign

From 1643 to 1715, he centralized power in France and weakened the nobility.

Treaty of Westphalia

Signed in 1648, it ended the Thirty Years' War and established state sovereignty.

Glorious Revolution

The 1688 event in England that established parliamentary sovereignty and limited monarch's power.

English Bill of Rights

Passed in 1688, it established the supremacy of Parliament and guaranteed rights to citizens.

Seven Years’ War

Fought from 1756 to 1763 between Britain and France, it shaped colonial power dynamics.

American Revolutionary War

Starting in 1776, it was the American colonies' fight for independence from British rule.

French Revolution

A period of political and social upheaval in France from 1789 to 1799.

Napoleon Bonaparte

Rose to power in 1799 and expanded French territory before his defeat in 1815.

Congress of Vienna

1815 assembly aimed at restoring stability in Europe after the Napoleonic Wars.

Spread of Liberal Revolutions

Refers to the series of revolutionary movements across Europe in 1848.

Italy's Unification

Achieved in 1861, led by figures like Garibaldi and Cavour.

Emancipation of Serfs

Initiated in Russia in 1861, freeing the serfs from servitude.

Germany's Unification

Completed in 1871 under Otto von Bismarck's leadership, resulting in a powerful German Empire.

Berlin Conference

Held in 1884 to regulate European colonization and trade in Africa.

Russian Revolution

A series of revolutions in 1905, leading to significant political changes in Russia.

World War I

Fought from 1914-1918, with causes including nationalism and militarism.

Bolshevik Revolution

The 1917 revolution in Russia that led to the rise of the Soviet state.

Treaty of Versailles

The 1918 treaty that ended WWI and imposed heavy reparations on Germany.

Great Depression

Began in 1929 with a stock market crash, leading to widespread economic decline.

World War II

Fought from 1939 to 1945 in Europe, resulting in the defeat of the Axis Powers.

Establishment of the United Nations

Formed in 1945 to promote international cooperation, replacing the League of Nations.

Formation of NATO

Established in 1949 as a military alliance against Soviet expansion.

Launch of Sputnik

The first artificial satellite launched by the Soviet Union in 1957.

Construction of the Berlin Wall

Erected in 1961 to separate East and West Berlin, symbolizing the Cold War.

Fall of the Berlin Wall

Occurred in 1989, marking the end of the Cold War.

Soviet Union Collapse

Occurred in 1991, leading to the dissolution of the Soviet state.

Maastricht Treaty

Created in 1992, it established the European Union.

Introduction of the Euro

Conducted in 1999 as a common currency for many EU nations.

Vladimir Putin's Election

Putin became President of Russia in 2000, shaping modern Russian politics.