GA Thoracic Organs

Lower respiratory tract made up of what?

Trachea, bronchi, lungs

Where does the trachea span from?

C6 - T4/5

What does the trachea split into?

main bronchi

Which bronchus is wider and shorter? How does it run?

right bronchus is wider and shorter, runs more vertically

Which bronchi passes directly to hilium of lung?

right

Left bronchus is pushed more where?

towards wall of body

What is the shape of the trachea?

c-shaped ring, not full

Why is the shape of the trachea the way it is?

prevent collapse and support

During deep inspiration trachea descends to what level

T6

Each lung is invested and surrounded by what?

pleaural sac

Pleaural sac arrises from what?

lateral plate mesoderm

Pleura of the lungs is divided into what parts?

visceral and parietal

Visceral pleaura invests what part of lungs?

all surface of lungs

Parietal pleaura lines what part of lungs?

pulmonary cavities

Atelactasis is used to describe what?

collapsed lung

Collapsed lung is caused by what?

loss of negative pressure of lung

Pleural effusion is when what occurs?

collection of fluid in pleura

Hemothorax is when what occurs?

collection of blood in pleaural cavity

Clyothorax is when what occurs?

rupture of thoracic duct

plyothorax (empyema) is when what occurs?

pus in pleaural cavity

Pneumothorax is when what occurs?

air trapped in cavity

Parietal pleaura consists of what parts?

cervical pleaura (cupola)

costal pleura

mediastinal pleaura

diaphragmatic pleaura

What are the potential pleural recesses/spaces?

costodiaphragmatic, costomediastinal

What space is referred to when the inferior part of the lung fills with space?

costodiaphragmatic

What space is referred to when the anterior part of the lung fills with space?

costomediastinal

Costal surface refers to which side of the lung?

lateral

Medistinal surface refers to which side of the lung?

medial

What is the hilium of the lung?

entrance for structures to enter

What is the root of the lung?

location where the contents are found

What are the contents of the root and hilium of the lung?

Pulmonary VANS

Main bronchus

Pulmonary vessels

Roots of lungs contains what?

pulmonary a.

Superior/inferior pulmonary v.

Hilium is centered where in the lung

mediastinal surface

The root of each lung is surrounded by a pleaural sleeve which becomes what as it descends?

pulmonary ligament

What is the most anterior and inferior structure of the root of the lung?

pulmonary veins

Left lung how many lobes?

2

Left lung has how many fissures? What does it divide the lung into

1; superior and inferior lobe

Surface of which lung has the deep cardiac notch?

left

Which lung has a tongue like structure called the lingula?

left

Cardiac impression on which lung is larger

left

Left lung also features continuous groove for what?

the arch of aorta, descending aorta, and area for esophogaus

Right lung has how many fissures?

2 - oblique and horizontal fissure

Right lung has how many lobes? Divided into which lobes?

3; superior, middle, and inferior lobe

Azygos vein has a groove in which lung?

right

What are the names of the big bronchi to small bronchi?

primary bronchi→ secondary lobar bronchi → tertiary segmental bronchi

What are the largest subdivisions of the lungs called?

bronchopulmonary segements

Bronchopulmonary segments are seperated by what?

connective tissue septa

How are bronchopulmonary segments named?

segmental bronchi supplying them

How many bronchopulmonary segments are there?

18-20 total

How many generations of branching conducting bronchioles are there?

20-25

Bronchioles lack what within their walls?

cartilage

Each terminal bronchiole gives rise to what?

respiratory bronchioles

Respiratory bronchioles gives to

2-11 alevolar ducts

What reduces surface tension in alveolus?

Surfactant- Type II

Bronchial arteries arise from what?

thoracic aorta

Right bronchial vein drains into?

azygos v

Left bronchial vein drains into?

accessory hemi azygos v

Nerves of lungs are derived from what plexus?

pulmonary plexuses

Pulmonary plexuses contain what type of fibers

parasympathetic (vagus)

sympathetic (thoracic splanchnic T1-T4)

GVA

Sympathetic effects on lungs are what?

Bronchodilation, decreased gland secretion, vasoconstriction

Parasympathetic effects on lungs are what?

bronchoconstriction, increased gland secretion, no effect on vaso

Diaphragm origin

sternal portion - back of xiphoid process

costal portion - inner surface of lower six costal cartilages

vertebral portion -arcuate ligaments and upper lumbar

Diaphragm insertion

central tendon

First opening of the diaphragm?

Caval Opening T8 - IVC; phrenic nerve

Second opening of the diaphragm?

Esophogeal opening T10 - esophogus

Third opening of the diaphragm?

Aortic opening T12 - aorta, azygos and hemiazygos

Medial arcuate ligament part of what?

Psoas major

Median arcuate ligament part of what?

aorta

Main source of blood supply diaphragm?

Inferior phrenic artery

If something has “phrenic” it is referring to what?

diaphragm

Diaphragm nerve supply

Phrenic nerve (C3-5)

Lower intercostal nerves (T6-12)

Lower intercostal nerves (T6-12)

Lower intercostal nerves (T6-12)

Motor supply to entire diaphragm and sensory supply for central area of diaphragm

Phrenic n. (C3-C5)

Costodiphragmatic is filled by

inferior part of lungs

Costomediastinal is filled by

anterior part of lung

Hilium of lungs is for

entry for structures to enter lungs