Cell Theory and Diversity

Biology is the study of _____

life

1. The 7 characteristics of life are ____________

1. Feedback

2. Reproduction

3. One or more cells

4. Growth and Development

5. Lifespan

6. Energy and Evolution

7. Genes

Cells are the Basic Unit of ______

Life

In the Classic Cell Theory living things are made of ____ or more cells

one

In the Classic Cell Theory, Cells are a _______ unit of life

basic

In the Classic Cell Theory, all cells ______ from other cells

come

Cells are the basic unit of ___________ also

reproduction

A cell’s ______ is because of their function

shape

Prokaryotes lack a ________ and internal _________

nucleus; membranes

Eukaryotes have a __________ and internal membranes

nucleus

The first phase of cellular emergence is abiotic _________ of organic molecules

synthesis

Abiotic Synthesis is making organic molecules _________ any living organisms involved

without

The 2nd phase of cellular emergence is the _______________ of these molecules

polymerization (Linkage of small molecules to chains)

The 3rd phase of cellular emergence is the organization of _______________

macromolecules

The 4th phase of cellular emergence is the encapsulation of ________ within a membrane

macros

LUCA stands for the last __________ common ancestor

universal

LUCA was small, ___________, and prokaryotic

unicellular

LUCA used ____ as it’s energy molecule

ATP

LUCA was reproduced by cell ________

division

LUCA had DNA as it’s __________ material (ACTG) and same RNA code

hereditary

Cytology is the study of _____

cells

Biochemistry is the study of the ________ processes that happen inside living organisms

chemical

Genetics is the study of how _____ are passed from parents to offspring through genes

traits

Cellular organelles are the functional _____ within cells

units

Cytoplasm is the jelly fluid in a cell that ____ organelles and is the site of most cellular reactions

holds

Cytosol is the _____ portion of the cytoplasm where chemical reactions take place

fluid

Organelles are specialized ________ in a cell that perform specific functions to keep the cell alive

structures

Inclusions are non-living ______ materials found in the cytoplasm

stored

Plasma membrane is the permeable _______ that surrounds the cell and controls what enters and leaves

barrier

Chromosomes are organized ____ molecules wrapped around proteins that carry genes

DNA

Ribosomes make ______

proteins

Central Dogma is DNA—→ _________ —→ RNA—→ translation→Protein

Transcription

Plasma membrane has a ___________ bilayer

phospholipid

Mitochondria is an organelle that produces ___ for the cell through cellular respiration

ATP (energy)

Rough ER is a membrane network covered in ribosomes that makes and _________ proteins

transports

Smooth ER is a membrane network ________ ribosomes that makes lipids and detoxifies chemicals

without

Golgi Apparatus is a stack of membranes that modifies, _____, and packages proteins and lipids for transport

sort

Nucleus is the organelle that ______ the cell’s DNA and controls all cellular activities

stores

Nucleolus is a region inside the nucleus where _________ are made

ribosomes

Peroxisomes are organelles that _____ down fatty acids and detoxify harmful substances

break

Lysosomes are membrane sacs that ______ waste, damaged parts, and unwanted materials

digest

Cytoskeleton is the protein framework that gives the cell _______ and support

shape

Centrosome is the main center that ________ microtubules for cell division

organizes

Centrioles are two tiny cylinders inside the centrosome that help _________ microtubules

organize

Cilia are short structures that _____ fluid or help the cell move

move

Flagella is a long tail that moves the cell ________

forward

Microvilli are tiny projections that increase surface _____ for absorption

area

Cell Cycle is Interphase—→G1 (Growth)—→________—→G2

Synthesis (DNA copied)

Checkpoints are the transition ________ control

quality

Apoptosis is cell _______

death

Cytokinesis is the last stage of cell division where the cytoplasm _______ forming two separate cells

splits