PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2 - Vocabulary Flashcards

A set of vocabulary-style flashcards covering key terms from the lecture notes on quantitative and qualitative research, frameworks, APA formatting, and related concepts.

Quantitative Research

A systematic and structured approach that studies phenomena by collecting measurable data and analyzing it with statistical, mathematical, or computational techniques.

Qualitative Research

Research that collects and analyzes non-numerical data (text, video, audio) to understand concepts, opinions, or experiences.

Independent Variable

The manipulated variable that causes change in another variable.

Dependent Variable

The variable that is affected by the independent variable and measured in the study.

Manipulated Variable

Another term for the independent variable—the factor intentionally changed by the researcher.

Cause

A factor that produces an effect or result in another variable.

Effect

The outcome or change that results from the manipulated variable.

Working Title

The initial or working title of a research project that previews the topic and focus.

Statement of the Problem

A clear, concise, and specific description of the issue the research aims to address.

The 5 W's

Who, What, Where, When, and Why used to define and frame a research problem.

Hypothesis

A testable statement about a relationship between variables; includes null (H0) and alternative (H1) forms.

H0 (Null Hypothesis)

Proposes that there is no significant difference or relationship between variables.

H1 (Alternative Hypothesis)

Proposes that there is a significant difference or relationship between variables.

Significance of the Study

The contribution and impact of the study on its field or discipline.

Scope and Delimitation

The boundaries of the study, including population, extent, and duration.

Definition of Terms

Clarification and explanation of key concepts and terminology used in the study.

Acronyms

Abbreviations formed from initial letters of a series of words (often pronounced as a word or letters).

PR (Practical Research)

An acronym for Practical Research; the field of organized inquiry.

PE (Physical Education)

An acronym for Physical Education; a field of study.

Conceptual Framework

The researcher’s synthesis of literature to explain a phenomenon and guide the study.

Conceptual Framework Models

Models used within a conceptual framework, such as independent–dependent, input–output, and concept maps.

Independent–Dependent Model

A model showing how an independent variable affects a dependent variable.

Input–Output Process Model

A framework describing how inputs lead to outputs through processes.

Concept Maps

Visual representations of relationships among concepts used to organize ideas.

Theoretical Framework

A foundational review of existing theories that explains phenomena and guides arguments in the research.

Key Concepts

Central ideas identified in theories and literature relevant to the study.

Relevant Theories

The theories that explain, predict, or relate to the research topic.

Review of Related Literature

A survey of existing research sources to establish context and background.

Google Scholar

A freely accessible search engine for scholarly literature.

ResearchGate

A professional network for researchers to share papers and findings.

JSTOR

Digital library containing academic journals, books, and primary sources.

DOAJ (Directory of Open Access Journals)

A directory that indexes high-quality open-access, peer-reviewed journals.

Oxford Academic

Platform hosting scholarly journals and books from Oxford University Press.

PubMed

Database of biomedical literature and life sciences journals.

Academic Journals

Peer-reviewed periodicals publishing scholarly articles.

Public Library of Science (PLOS)

Open-access publisher of scientific journals and articles.

Introduction

Section of a paper that presents the topic, background, and objectives.

Chapter 1: The Problem and Its Background

First chapter focusing on the research problem and its context.

APA 7th Edition Format

The 7th edition of APA style guidelines for formatting papers and references.

Times New Roman 12

Standard font and size for APA-formatted manuscripts.

Text Justify

Alignment of text to both left and right margins in formatting.

Indent

The initial space at the start of a paragraph.

Author Citation

Citing authors within or at the end of sentences according to APA rules.

(1 Author) Citation

Cite by last name and year in parentheses (e.g., Smith, 2020).

(2 Authors) Citation

Cite by last names joined with & and year (e.g., Smith & Jones, 2020).

(3 or More Authors) Citation

Use et al. after the first author and include year (e.g., Smith et al., 2020).

Group Authors

Citing sources authored by an organization or group; use abbreviation after first mention.

et al.

Latin abbreviation meaning 'and others' used for multiple-author citations.

References (APA 7th)

APA-style reference format; includes DOI or URL when available.

Deming Quote (Summary)

A well-known attribution: 'Without data, you're just another person with an opinion'—emphasizes data importance.