Bio Lab Week 5 Bones

Ethmoid bone

an unpaired cranial bone that is a significant component of the upper nasal cavity and the nasal septum
(think in the nose)

Frontal bone

supporting the head's structures and protecting the brain, including the eyes and nasal passages.

Inferior nasal concha

one of the three paired nasal conchae in the nose. It extends horizontally along the lateral wall of the nasal cavity and consists of a lamina of spongy bone, curled upon itself like a scroll

lacrimal bone

a small bone forming part of the eye socket.

mandible

the largest bone in the human skull. It holds the lower teeth in place, it assists in mastication and forms the lower jawline.

Maxilla

the jaw or jawbone, specifically the upper jaw in most vertebrates. In humans it also forms part of the nose and eye socket.

nasal bone

a small, flat bone of the skull
It makes up the facial skeleton

occipital bone

the bone that forms the back and base of the skull, and through which the spinal cord passes.

palatine bone

a paired bone located between the maxillae and the pterygoid process of the sphenoid bone. It participates in building the three cavities within the skull; the oral cavity, nasal cavity and the orbits.

parietal bone

two bones in the skull which, when joined at a fibrous joint, form the sides and roof of the cranium.

sphenoid bone

a compound bone that forms the base of the cranium, behind the eye and below the front part of the brain. It has two pairs of broad lateral "wings" and a number of other projections, and contains two air-filled sinuses.

temporal bone

a pair of bilateral, symmetrical bones that constitute a large portion of the lateral wall and base of the skull

vomer bone

a small, thin, plow-shaped, midline bone that occupies and divides the nasal cavity
(it's really tiny and in the nose)

zygomatic bone

the bone that forms the prominent part of the cheek and the outer side of the eye socket.

false ribs

do not join the sternum directly but are connected to the 7th rib by cartilage.
ribs 8,9, and 10

floating rib

half the size of the others and do not reach the front of the body.
ribs 11 and 12

manubrium

the broad upper part of the sternum. It has a quadrangular shape

sacrum

a shield-shaped bony structure that is located at the base of the lumbar vertebrae and that is connected to the pelvis
(think bone above tailbone)

coccyx

a small triangular bone at the base of the spinal column in humans and some apes, formed of fused vestigial vertebrae
(think pointy part of butt, tailbone almost)

hyoid

a small U-shaped (horseshoe-shaped) solitary bone, situated in the midline of the neck anteriorly at the base of the mandible and posteriorly at the fourth cervical vertebra

sternum

a partially T-shaped vertical bone that forms the anterior portion of the chest wall centrally. The ... is divided anatomically into three segments: manubrium, body, and xiphoid process. The ... connects the ribs via the costal cartilage forming the anterior rib cage

true ribs

The first seven bones are called the true ribs. These bones are connected to the spine (the backbone) in the back. In the front, the .... are connected directly to the breastbone or sternum by a strip of cartilage called the costal cartilage.

xiphoid process

the smallest region of the sternum, or breastbone.
the cartilaginous section at the lower end of the sternum, which is not attached to any ribs, and gradually ossifies during adult life.
(think end point of the sternum)

Clavicle

the bone that connects the breastplate (sternum) to the shoulder.
(think should bone-facing towards the front, like a shoulder collarbone)

scapula

the bone that connects the clavicle to the humerus.
(think shoulder blades)

humerus

the bone of the upper arm or forelimb, forming joints at the shoulder and the elbow.
(think upper arm)

radius

one of the two bones that make up the forearm,
the other being the ulna. It forms the radio-carpel joint at the wrist and the radio-ulnar joint at the elbow. It is in the lateral forearm when in the anatomical position. It is the smaller of the two bones.
(think lower part of arm)

ulna

one of the two forearm long bones that, in conjunction with the radius, make up the antebrachium. The bone spans from the elbow to the wrist on the medial side of the forearm when in anatomical position. In comparison to the radius, the ... is described to be larger and longer.
(think lower part of the arm)

phalanges (hand)

bones of the hand
distal (top, orange)
intermediate (under top, blue)
proximal (middle, green)
metacarpals (above bottom, under middle, yellow)
carpals (complete bottom, towards the wrist, purple)

metacarpals

bones of the hand, middle region, above bottom (carpals) but below middle (phalanges)

carpals

bones of the wrist, the very end of hand bones
below metacarpals, attached to the wrist

llium

the uppermost and largest part of the hip bone
(think the blades of the hips, in pelvis)

ischium

a paired bone of the pelvis that forms the lower and back part of the hip bone, as well as the posterior and inferior boundary of the obturator foramen.

pubis

hip bone
the inner part of the ischium

patella

the largest sesamoid bone in the human body and is located anterior to knee joint within the tendon of the quadriceps femoris muscle, providing an attachment point for both the quadriceps tendon and the patellar ligament
(think knee cap)

calcaneus

the largest of the tarsal bones in the foot. It lies at the back of the foot (hindfoot) below the three bones that make up the ankle joint.
(think heel of foot)

talus

the large bone in the ankle that articulates with the tibia of the leg and the calcaneum and navicular bone of the foot.
(think before heel of foot)

Phalanges (foot)

bones of the foot
distales (top)
mediae (under top, above middle)
promixales (just above middle)
metastari (middle, larger part)
ossa tarsi (bottom, right under middle)

metatarsals

the bones of the forefoot that connect the distal aspects of the cuneiform (medial, intermediate and lateral) bones and cuboid bone to the base of the five phalanges of the foot.
(the largest part of the foot bones, right before bottom)

tarsals

ankle bone, bottom part of foot

carotid canal

the passage way in the temporal bone through which the internal carotid artery enters the middle cranial fossa from the neck

coronal plate

crowning or frontal body cut

crista galli

a thick, midline, smooth triangular process arising from the superior surface of the ethmoid bone, projecting into the anterior cranial fossa.

coronal suture

the transverse suture in the skull separating the frontal bone from the parietal bones.

external occipital protuberance

a normal anatomical structure located on the posterior surface of the occipital bone, at the level of the superior nuchal line.

foramen lacerum

an irregular opening located in the middle cranial fossa at the base of the skull

foramen magnum

a passage of the central nervous system through the skull connecting the brain with the spinal cord.

foramen ovale

an oval shaped opening, placed obliquely in the base of the skull.

glabella

the smooth part of the forehead above and between the eyebrows

incisive fossa

the area between the mental eminence and the inferior incisor teeth

inferior orbital fissure

fissure in the orbit floor between maxilla and greater wing of sphenoid

infraorbital foramen

one of two small holes in the skull's upper jawbone (maxillary bone), located below the eye socket and to the left and right of the nose.

jugular foramen

a cavity formed by the petrous part of the temporal bone anteriorly and the occipital bone posteriorly.

mandibular condyle

Articulation point of the mandible with the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone

mandibular fossa

the depression in the temporal bone into which the condyle of the mandible fits

mandibular notch

a groove in the ramus of the mandible

mandibular symphysis

halves of the mandible fuse at a symphysis to form one bone

mastoid process

round projection on the temporal bone behind the ear

mental foramen

a bilateral opening in the vestibular portion of the mandible through which nerve endings, such as the mental nerve, emerge

middle nasal concha of ethmoid bone

Bone between the superior and inferior conchae

nuchal lines

neck muscle attachment points

occipital condyles

distinctive bony structure linking the skull and the vertebral column

palatine process of maxilla

roof of the mouth

perpendicular plate

forms superior part of nasal septum

sagittal suture

between the two parietal bones

styloid process

pole-like process extending downward from the temporal bone on each side of the skull

stylomastoid foramen

a small, round opening located on the inferolateral aspect of the temporal bone, between the root of the styloid process and the mastoid process.

superior orbital fissure

a bony cleft found at the orbital apex between the roof and lateral wall.

supraorbital foramen

a bony elongated opening located above the orbit (eye socket) and under the forehead

zygomatic process of temporal bone

a long, arched process projecting from the lower part of the squamous portion of the temporal bone

pterygoid process

Process of the sphenoid bone, consisting of two plates

greater wing

a broad curved winglike expanse on each side of the sphenoid bone

lesser wing

an anterior triangular process on each side of the sphenoid bone in front of and much smaller than the corresponding greater wing

sella turcica

depression in the sphenoid bone where the pituitary gland is located

body of sphenoid

one of the most complex bones of the human body
wasp bone

optic canal

allows the optic nerve to pass to the eye

body of vertebrae

spine

intervertebral foramina

serves as the doorway between the spinal canal and periphery

Iamina

flat plates of bone originating from the pedicles of the vertebral body that form the posterior outer wall of the spinal canal and protect the spinal cord.

Pedicle

a very strong, cylindrical, anatomic bridge between the dorsal spinal elements and the vertebral body.

spinous process

a bony projection off the posterior (back) of each vertebra.

superior articular process

project vertically upward from the articular pillars between the pedicles and the laminae.

transverse process

a small bony projection off the right and left side of each vertebrae

vertebral arch

A circle of bone around the canal through which the spinal cord passes.

vertebral foramen

the foramen (opening) formed by the anterior segment (the body), and the posterior part, the vertebral arch.

atlas

the top bone or first cervical vertebrae connecting your skull to your spine.

axis

forms the pivot upon which the first cervical vertebra (the Atlas), which carries the head, rotates

cervical vertebra- typical

seven components, unfused
several features distinct from those typical of thoracic or lumbar vertebrae. The most notable distinction is the presence of one foramen, in each transverse process.

thoracic vertebra

each of the twelve bones of the backbone to which the ribs are attached.

lumbar vertebra

consists of the five bones (vertebra) in your lower back, known as L1 to L5, are the largest of your entire spine, located below your 12 chest (thoracic) vertebra

vertebra prominens

the name of the seventh cervical vertebra, C7
attached to thoracic lumber, bottom of the neck

Transverese Foramen

an opening that is occupied by the vertebral artery and vein in the first six vertebrae and only the vertebral vein in the seventh.

odontoid process (dens)

a superior projecting bony element from the second cervical vertebrae (C2, or the axis).
in the neck

lateral masses

the bony junction between the superior and inferior articular processes, separated medially from the lamina by the medial facet line

lumber curvature

the inward curve of the lumbar spine (just above the buttocks).

thoracic curvature

excessive forward curvature of the spine in the upper back.

cervical curvature

occurs when your cervical spine is straight or curves toward your front instead of its natural curve to your back (neck)

clavicular notch

Site where manubrium articulates with the clavicles

costal cartilage

the cartilages that connect the sternum and the ends of the ribs

juglar notch

central indentation in superior border of manubrium
(dip in neck)