IMOS Module 3 - Cermics/Glass Review

UF IDS2935: Impacts of Material Science Quest Fall 2023

Properties of Ceramics

• inorganic, nonmetal solid

• brittle

• high melting point

• poor conductor

• waterproof

• chemically resistant (iconic and colvalent bonds)

• crystallinity

Crystallinity

varies from crystalline to semi-crystalline to amorphous

Crystalline v. Amorphous

• crystalline: long-range structural order

• amorphous: lacking long-range structural order (ex. oxides, borides, polymers, and metals)

Vitrification

• transformation of atomic/molecular structure

• requires >1200C (for clay)

Plasticity

water layers can slide pass each other

Properties of Glass

• inorganic, nonmetallic solid

• brittle

• high melting point

• poor conductor

• stoff

• waterproof

• chemically resistant (ionic and colvalent bonds)

• amorphous (no crystallinity)

Operational Sequence

accounting an accounting of a system's procedures for start-up and shut-down, response to varying conditions, and certain scheduled operations

Operational sequence v. entanglement

• operation sequence: steps of a process to make a thing

• entanglement: how things and people are dependent on each other

Flinknapping

controlled reduction of glass-like rock (ex. fluted Clovis points)

• requires the right kind of rock

• skills for applying controlled force

• produce flakes and blades with/ sharp edges

• an infinite variety of forms

Bifacial reduction

planned reduction of the core through successive function or applications

Clovis culture

• after ice age

• hunted mammoths as a community

• fluting was a communal activity

• raw materials were gathered from outside their territory

• early cookware could insulate but not conduct (no boiling food)

• wild grasses were the basis for early farming

Early glass

• volcanic glass

• does not need fire

• used for spearpoints

Rupert drop

1625; will break at the tail but withstand blows on the opoosite end

Silicon dioxide glass

• amorphous solid

• unstable

• devitrification (crystallize with time)

• melting poin at 1713C

Egyption glass (soda lime glass)

• faience used Nile sediment Natron (NaCo3)

• melts at 850C (lower melting point)

• reacts with SiO2

• Sodium silicate dissolves in water

• added lime to strengthen the network (network former)

Roman glass

• addition of MnO2 created clear, colorless glass

• used as drinking vessels, windows, and mirrors

Chaine Operatoire

a tool used in anthropology to study the step-by-step production, use, and disposal of artifacts

Gorilla glass

substitue K for Na

Ceramics superhydrophonic coatings

Al2O3 nano particles

Corningware

• resistant to cracking and chipping

• will not break unless the coating has been tampered with

• absorbs energy but high in tension (will explode when broken)

• resistant from thermal shock

History of glass

• used faience glazes and soda lime glass in Egypt

• slump glass and new methods in Greece

• glass blowing developed in Syria/Palestine

• stained glass use in Europe

• development of telescopes and microscopes revolutionized science

• Jamestown’s first industry

• development of fiber optics glass

Funcational ceramics

materials that can convert energy from one form to another or respond in unusual ways to external stimuli (ex. electroactive, multiferroic, piezoelectric)

“Cradle to Grave”

sustanibility and life cycle of materials