Emerging Infections

Emerging Infectious disease (7)

• SARS

• MERS

• Ebola

• Arbobiral infections

• Mayaro

• Oroppuche

• Hantavirus

Emerging infectious disease

infectious disease whose incidence has increased recently (in the past 20 years) and could increase in the near future

contributing factors to emerging ID

• microbial adaptation and change

• human susceptibility to infection

• climate and weather

• changing ecosystems

• human demographics and behavior

• economic development and land use

• international travel and commerce

• technology and industry

• breakdown of PH measures

• poverty and social inequality

• war and famine

• lack of political will

• intent to harm

of the many examples of global emerging and re-emerging infectious disease, which one is associated with bioterrorism

anthrax

SARS

• Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome

• Pandemic in 2003 and 2020 (coronavirus)

• unknown animal reservoir (could be bats)

• first infected human in Guangdong province, China 2002

MERS

• Middle East Respiratory Syndrome

• caused by MERS-CoV

• severe respiratory illness w/ fever, cough, and SOB

• 30-40% mortality

• first reported in Saudi Arabia 2012

Ebola (EVD)

• rare and deadly to people and primates

• sub-saharan Africa

• direct contact w/ infected animal or sick or dead person infected w/ Ebola

• 2014 outbreak ins largest Ebola outbreak

what is the global distribution of major vector-borne diseases?

tropical/sib-tropical

Mayaro

• non-specific, mild, and self-limiting infection

• common symptoms: fever, arthalgia, maculopapular rash

• severe manifestions

  • chronic polyarthritis

  • neurological complications

  • hemorrhage

  • myocarditis

  • death

Oropouche fever

• caused by Oropouche virus

• humans: transmission via Culicoides paransis midge

• symptoms: sudden onset high fever, headache, myalgia, joint pain, vomitting

• can cause aseptic meningitis

• outbreaks reported in Brazil, Ecuador, Panama, Peru, and Trini

Hantavirus

• HPS

• severe and sometimes fatal

• respiratory disease

• rodent infestation in and around the home

• also associated with hemorrhagic fever w/renal syndrome