knowledge and cognitive constraints

what are the 4 types of knowledge

declarative, procedural, metacognitive knowledge, metacognitive skill

what is declarative knowledge

factual and conceptual information stored in memory; helps with developing skilled movement

what is procedural knowledge

knowing how to perform a task, including anticipation, decision-making and response selection

what is metacognitive knowledge

a higher level of declarative knowledge- knowing how you learn best

what is metacognitive skill

a higher-level procedural knowledge- planning and choosing actions to meet goals

what is the order of knowledge development

declarative→ procedural→metacognitive

is sport-specific knowledge better developed in non-participants (T/F)

false- it develops better in those who participate

do you have to do something to know it?

often yes but not necessarily

what is cognition

mental processes that involves thinking and acquiring new knowledge

piaget’s sensorimotor stage (0-2)

sensory and motor interactions create knowledge

piaget’s proportional stage (2-7)

symbolic thinking, egocentrism, illogical reasonin, shift from parallel to cooperative play

piaget’s concrete operational stage (7-11)

logical thinking about visible or experienced events

piaget’s formal operational stage (11+)

logical thinking extends to ideas and hypotheses

what is attentional capacity

the amount of information that can be processed at one time

what causes interference in attention

trying to process too much at once

what is structural interference

physical limitations

what is cognitive interference

mental overload causing performance to decline when doing multiple tasks

how does practice affect attention

The more you practice, the less attention is needed for the skill

what is serial multitasking

switching quickly between tasks

what is background multitasking

letting one task run passively while focusing on another (background music while working)

cognitive multitasking

mentally doing more than 1 task

How does memory improve with age

through development of memory strategies

what is episodic memory

memory of personal events (first day of school)

what is semantic memory

general knowledge from experiencing and learning

why are imagery and labels effective for movement

simplify instructions, make abstract movements concrete, focus on outsome, aid planning

which type of memory declines most with age

episodic memory