Studied by 4 people
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Communication
The methods human beings use to exchange ideas, concepts, feelings/emotions, symbols, etc.
Verbal
(1st type of communication): talking, conversations, lecture, podcast…
Written
(2nd type of of communication): texts, books, poetry, journals, notes…
Nonverbal
(3rd type of communication): body language, body proximity, eye contact, hand gestures, facial expression, smell
Human Universal (HU)
Something that is found in every human culture (ex: tradition, food, language)
Culture Specific (CS)
Something that is found in only one culture (ex: 4th of July, stars and stripes, Star Spangled Banner)
Generalized Trait (GT)
Something that is found in some, but not all, human cultures (ex: flag, Starbucks, birthdays, Independence Day, crop-top)
Gesture
Movement of the hand (or other related parts of the body) to express an idea
Facial expression
An arrangement of the parts of the face to convey emotions
Charles Darwin
1st scientist to talk about facial expressions
Charles Darwin wrote…
A book in 1872
Charles Darwin believed that…
7 facial expressions were Human universals
Innate
Inborn
Charles Darwin believed those 7 facial expressions…
Were innate
The 7 facial expressions were…
Happiness, surprise, sadness, disgust, anger, fear, contempt
Contempt
(Disdain— Not thinking well of a person)
Paul Ekman
Psychologist
Paul Ekman agreed…
With Charles Darwin
People decided to disagree with Paul Ekman…
With contempt
Researchers in the 2000s stated that…
No facial expressions are universally understood (HU)
Facial expressions are…
Not biological (innate). They are learned behavior (culture)
Eye contact
When two people look directly into each other’s eyes when meeting or conversing
