Social Studies Unit 3: Language and Communication

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Communication

The methods human beings use to exchange ideas, concepts, feelings/emotions, symbols, etc.

Verbal

(1st type of communication): talking, conversations, lecture, podcast…

Written

(2nd type of of communication): texts, books, poetry, journals, notes…

Nonverbal

(3rd type of communication): body language, body proximity, eye contact, hand gestures, facial expression, smell

Human Universal (HU)

Something that is found in every human culture (ex: tradition, food, language)

Culture Specific (CS)

Something that is found in only one culture (ex: 4th of July, stars and stripes, Star Spangled Banner)

Generalized Trait (GT)

Something that is found in some, but not all, human cultures (ex: flag, Starbucks, birthdays, Independence Day, crop-top)

Gesture

Movement of the hand (or other related parts of the body) to express an idea

Facial expression

An arrangement of the parts of the face to convey emotions

Charles Darwin

1st scientist to talk about facial expressions

Charles Darwin wrote…

A book in 1872

Charles Darwin believed that…

7 facial expressions were Human universals

Innate

Inborn

Charles Darwin believed those 7 facial expressions…

Were innate

The 7 facial expressions were…

Happiness, surprise, sadness, disgust, anger, fear, contempt

Contempt

(Disdain— Not thinking well of a person)

Paul Ekman

Psychologist

Paul Ekman agreed…

With Charles Darwin

People decided to disagree with Paul Ekman…

With contempt

Researchers in the 2000s stated that…

No facial expressions are universally understood (HU)

Facial expressions are…

Not biological (innate). They are learned behavior (culture)

Eye contact

When two people look directly into each other’s eyes when meeting or conversing