Adolescent Psych (CSU PSY-465)

Parent-child relationship quality

Changes during adolescence involve conflicts over mundane issues, with parents viewing matters as right/wrong and teens as personal choices.

Baumrind’s parenting styles

Four styles include authoritarian, authoritative, indulgent/permissive, and indifferent, each differing in responsiveness and demandingness.

Authoritarian parenting

Characterized by punitive discipline and a strong emphasis on obedience.

Authoritative parenting

Involves warmth, firm control, and rational, issue-oriented discipline.

Indulgent/permissive parenting

High responsiveness with low demands, prioritizing child’s happiness over rules.

Indifferent parenting

Low responsiveness and demandingness, often adult-centered and dismissive.

Parental demandingness

The extent to which parents expect and insist on mature, responsible behavior from their children.

Parental responsiveness

The degree to which parents respond to their child's needs in a supportive and accepting manner.

Behavioral genetics

Studies examining shared and non-shared environmental influences through twin and adoption studies.

Family Stress Model of Economic Hardship

Economic hardship leads to parental stress, resulting in negative parenting and adolescent difficulties.

Diathesis-stress model

Explains outcomes as the interaction between predisposition (diathesis) and environmental triggers (stress).

Differential susceptibility theory

Suggests that genetic tendencies can make individuals vulnerable to problems in adverse environments but also enable them to thrive in positive ones.

Peer context changes

From middle childhood to adolescence, peer interactions become more significant than family time.

Cliques

Small groups of 2-12 individuals formed through common activities or friendships.

Crowds

Larger peer groups based on reputation, such as "nerds" or "jocks."

Instrumental aggression

Deliberate and planned aggression that can enhance popularity.

Reactive aggression

Impulsive and unplanned aggression that may decrease peer likability.

Perceived popularity

The status or prestige an individual holds, which can vary across contexts.

Sociometric popularity

A measure of how well-liked an individual is among peers.

Relational aggression

Manipulative actions intended to harm another's social standing, leading to psychological distress, especially in girls.

Peer rejection

A significant source of stress for adolescents.

Selection vs

Both processes contribute to similarities between friends; selection is based on individual attributes, while socialization is influenced by environmental factors.

Bullying

Patterns of aggression that can lead to low self-esteem and mental health issues.

School enrollment changes

Increased due to mandatory attendance laws, peaking in 1970 before leveling off.

Racial/ethnic composition

Being a minority in school can lead to disengagement, lower grades, and frequent absences.

School and classroom climate

Reflects the quality of school life, including norms, goals, and teaching practices.

Supportive classroom climate

Characterized by responsive and demanding teachers, leading to better student achievement.

School transitions

Often result in drops in grades, engagement, and academic motivation, though standardized test scores may remain stable.

Student engagement

Higher academic achievement is associated with supportive school climates and positive parental involvement.