FARs Google 25

14 CFR Part 61

Outlines the requirements, rules, and privileges for getting and holding pilot certificates and ratings, including student, private, and commercial certificates.

FAR 61.3

You must have a pilot certificate, a government-issued photo ID, and a current medical certificate in your physical possession or readily accessible in the aircraft while acting as pilot-in-command (PIC).

FAR 61.23

Details what class of medical certificate is required for different operations and how long they last depending on your age (e.g., a 3rd-class medical lasts 60 months if under 40, or 24 months if 40 or older).

FAR 61.53

You cannot act as PIC (or as a required flight crewmember) if you know or have reason to know of any medical condition that would make you unable to safely operate the aircraft.

FAR 61.56

To act as PIC, you must have completed a flight review (minimum 1 hour of ground and 1 hour of flight instruction) within the preceding 24 calendar months, documented by a logbook endorsement.

FAR 61.60

You must notify the FAA Airman Certification Branch in writing within 30 days of any permanent change in your mailing address.

FAR 61.69

Sets the precise logbook endorsement and experience requirements if a private pilot intends to tow gliders.

FAR 61.113

As a private pilot, you cannot fly for compensation or hire, but you can carry passengers and may pay no less than pro rata (equal) share of the operating expenses of the flight.

14 CFR Part 91

The core rulebook governing the general flight rules, maintenance standards, and equipment requirements for civil aircraft flying within the United States.

FAR 91.3

The PIC is the final authority on—and is directly responsible for—the safe operation of the aircraft, and may deviate from rules in an emergency to meet safety demands.

FAR 91.7

No person may operate a civil aircraft unless it is in an airworthy condition; the PIC is responsible for determining if the aircraft is safe for flight.

FAR 91.9

You must comply with all operating limitations specified in the Airplane Flight Manual (AFM), Pilot’s Operating Handbook (POH), cockpit markings, and required placards.

FAR 91.15

No PIC may drop any object from an aircraft in flight unless reasonable precautions are taken to avoid injury or damage to people and property on the ground.

FAR 91.17

Prohibits acting as a crewmember within 8 hours of consuming alcohol, while under the influence of alcohol or drugs, or with a blood alcohol concentration of 0.04% or greater.

FAR 91.103

Before every flight, the PIC must become familiar with all available information concerning the flight, including weather, fuel requirements, runway lengths, and takeoff/landing distance data.

FAR 91.107

The PIC must ensure that all crewmembers and passengers are briefed on how to fasten and unfasten their safety belts and shoulder harnesses, and that they wear them during taxi, takeoff, and landing.

FAR 91.111

You cannot operate an aircraft so close to another aircraft as to create a collision hazard, and formation flight is prohibited unless arranged with all pilot-in-commands involved.

FAR 91.113

Establishes collision-avoidance rules: head-on means both veer right; converging means the aircraft to the other's right has the right-of-way; overtaking aircraft must pass on the right; and less maneuverable aircraft (like balloons or gliders) have absolute priority.

FAR 91.119

Over congested areas, maintain 1,000 feet above the highest obstacle within a 2,000-foot radius; elsewhere, maintain 500 feet above the surface (except over open water or sparsely populated areas, where you must stay 500 feet away from any person, vessel, vehicle, or structure).

FAR 91.121

Keep your altimeter adjusted to the current reported station pressure setting when operating below 18,000 feet MSL, or set it to 29.92 inches of mercury when climbing to or cruising at flight levels (FL 180 and above).

FAR 91.126

Pilots must monitor or communicate on the designated common traffic advisory frequency (CTAF) and configure all turns to the left (unless visual indicators specify right-hand traffic).

FAR 91.151

You must carry enough fuel to fly to your first intended point of landing and—under daytime VFR—fly for at least an additional 30 minutes, or 45 minutes for nighttime VFR.

FAR 91.159

When operating level above 3,000 feet AGL under VFR, your altitude is determined by your magnetic track: eastbound tracks fly odd thousands plus 500 feet (e.g., 3,500, 5,500), while westbound tracks fly even thousands plus 500 feet (e.g., 4,500, 6,500).

FAR 91.203

An aircraft must have a valid Airworthiness Certificate and a state-registered Certificate of Registration displayed legibly in the cabin to be legally operated (Remember the acronym A.R.W.O.).

FAR 91.205

Lists the mandatory minimum equipment required for flight (Remember A.T.O.M.A.T.E.S. F.L.E.A.S. for day VFR and the same plus G.R.A.C.H.E. for night VFR).

FAR 91.207

Most airplanes require a working ELT installed, inspected every 12 calendar months, and its battery replaced or recharged when it has been used for more than 1 cumulative hour or when 50% of its useful life has expired.

FAR 91.213

Outlines legal procedures for flying an aircraft with broken equipment, checking if the item is required by the VFR type design, the KILM (Kinds of Equipment List), ADs, or the FARs, and whether it must be deactivated/placarded.

FAR 91.409

Mandates that aircraft undergo an annual inspection every 12 calendar months, and an additional 100-hour inspection if the aircraft is operated for hire (flight instruction or rental).

FAR 91.411

Requires the pitot-static system, altimeter, and altitude encoder to be tested and inspected every 24 calendar months before operating under IFR in controlled airspace.

FAR 91.413

Mandates that any Air Traffic Control (ATC) transponder must be tested and inspected every 24 calendar months.