Psych Exam 1 [Review]

Who is the father of Modern Psychology?

Wilhem Wundt

(WW)

What is a research method in Psychology?

The scientific method

What is critical thinking?

The process of analyzing and evaluating information to make informed decisions.

e.g., Brain making good choices :)

What is the “I knew it all along” phenomenon?

Hingsight Bias

List the steps of the scientific method

• Ask a question

• Design and do the experiment

• Collect data

• Conclusion

What is the role of critical thinking?

Differentiating facts from opinions

What are different ways to conduct experiments?

• Case Studies

• Naturalistic Observation

• Surveys

• Experimental Research

• Statistics

What are the two main divisions of the nervous system?

• Central Nervous System (CNS)

• Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

The human brain has lots of neurons. How many exactly?

Billions

What is the synapse?

The gap between neurons

What are sensory neurons?

Neurons that carry messages from sensory organs to the brain

What are motor neurons?

Neurons that carry instructions from the CNS to the muscles (muscles MOVE)

What are interneurons?

Neurons that process information between sensory and motor neurons.

What makes up the central nervous system (CNS)?

• Brain

• Spinal cord

What is the role of the endocrine system?

Uses hormones secreted by glands to regulate body process

What is the frontal lobe?

• Decision making

• Located at the front

What is the parietal lobe?

• Senses

• Positions the body

• Located at the center

What is the occipital lobe?

• Deals with sight

• Located in the back

• Getting hit in the back can cause visual loss.

What is the temperal lobe?

• Deals with hearing

• Located by the temples

At what age does the prefrontal cortex develop?

Age 25 (ages 24-26)

Can you survive getting your corpus callosum cut?

Yes

Nature or Nurture?

Both

What is epigenetics?

Genes that can activate or deactivate depending on environmental influences

What is consciousness?

I am aware; Awareness of ourselves and our environment

What does sleep consist of?

• Four cycles

• Goes on more than once throughout the night

• REM stage deals with dreaming

• 90 min. average

Can every human be easily hypnotized?

No

What happened in the beginning of Pavlov’s dogs?

The dogs learned acquisition.

Neutral stimulus > Unconditioned stimulus > Conditioned response

Giving candy for good behavior is what type of reinforcement?

Positive Reinforcement (adding to)

Removing a chore for good grades is what type of reinforcement?

Negative Reinforcement (taking away from)

The Bobo Doll experiement showed which concept?

Observational learning

What is memory?

The persistence of learning overtime through encoding, storage, and retrieval of information

What is implicit memory?

Memory that is remembered without effort

What is explicit memory?

Memory that is recalled with effort

What is iconic memory?

Visual memory lasts for a few tenths of a second

(eye)

What is echoic memory?

Auditory memory lasts for 3-4 seconds

(echo > ear)

What is short-term memory?

Items that are held for a few moments

What is working memory?

Items that are actively being processed

(lasts for 5-7 seconds)

What is a flashbulb memory?

A vivid memory that made an imprint of someone. Has a strong emotional tide.