Urogenital System Infections Practice Flashcards

A collection of vocabulary flashcards covering the etiological agents, symptoms, and treatments for urogenital system infections as described in Chapter 23.

Lactobacilli

The predominant bacteria in the vagina that produce $H_2O_2$ and grow on glycogen secretions to maintain a healthy environment.

Leukocyte esterase (LE) test

A urine test used to indicate infection; a positive result suggests the presence of white blood cells.

Cystitis

An inflammation of the urinary bladder usually caused by $E. coli$ or $S. saprophyticus$.

Urethritis

An inflammation of the urethra.

Pyelonephritis

An inflammation of one or both kidneys, typically characterized by fever and back or flank pain.

Glomerulonephritis

Inflammation of the glomeruli within the nephrons of the kidney.

Dysuria

A symptom of urinary tract infection characterized by difficult or painful urination.

Pyuria

The presence of pus in the urine.

Hematuria

The presence of blood in the urine.

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

The etiological agent of Gonorrhea, a gram-negative bacterium that attaches to mucosa via fimbriae.

Opa proteins

Proteins produced by $N. gonorrhoeae$ that prevent $CD4^+$ T-cell proliferation.

Ophthalmia neonatorum

A complication of untreated gonorrhea that affects the eyes of newborns.

Nongonococcal Urethritis (NGU)

Inflammation of the urethra not caused by $N. gonorrhoeae$, most commonly caused by $Chlamydia trachomatis$.

Salpingitis

Infection of the uterine tubes, which is a component of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID).

Treponema pallidum

A spirochete bacterium that is the etiological agent of syphilis.

Chancre

A hard sore that appears at the site of infection during the primary stage of syphilis.

Gummas

Rubbery lesions on many organs that characterize the tertiary stage of syphilis.

Benzathine penicillin

The primary antibiotic treatment used for syphilis.

Herpes Simplex Virus-2 (HSV-2)

The virus responsible for genital herpes, which can remain latent in nerves and cause recurrent vesicular lesions.

Acyclovir

An antiviral drug used for the suppression of genital herpes symptoms.

Human papillomaviruses (HPV)

The causative agents of genital warts; specifically, HPV 16 is associated with cervical and penile cancer.

Candida albicans

An opportunistic fungal pathogen that causes vaginal candidiasis, characterized by a thick yellow cheesy discharge.

Trichomonis vaginalis

A protozoan and the causative agent of Trichomoniasis, which results in a greenish-yellow discharge and white blood cell accumulation.

Metronidazole

The antibiotic treatment for Trichomoniasis, which must be administered to both sexual partners.