Levels of protein structure/ Large macromolecules

Primary

Sequence of amino acids

Secondary

Formation of alpha helixes and beta sheets

Tertiary

Overall 3D shape of a single peptide

Quaternary

Interactions among multiple polypeptide chains

Lipids

-Only class of large biological molecules that don’t include true polymers

-Functions: Energy, storage, defense, structural support and making hormones

-Ex: Fats, waxes, oils, steroids, phospholipids

-Made of up carbon, oxygen and hydrogen

Proteins

-Functions: speeding up chemical reaction, defense, storage, transport, cellular communication, structural support,

-Ex: Enzymes

-Made up of the same set of 20 amino acids

Carbohydrates

-Includes sugars and polymers of sugars

-Functions: Main source of energy, makes glucose for energy

-Ex: Starch, glucose, disaccharides

Nucleic Acids

-2 Types: DNA and RNA

-DNA: gives directions for its own replication

-Functions: Store, transmit and help express hereditary information

-Made up of monomers called nucleotides