AQA GCSE Chemistry Topic 2 Flashcards

Flashcards for AQA GCSE Chemistry Topic 2: Chemical bonds and types of bonding

What are compounds?

Substances in which 2 or more elements are chemically combined.

What are the 3 types of strong chemical bonds?

Ionic, covalent, and metallic bonds.

What characterizes ionic bonds in terms of particles?

Particles are oppositely charged ions.

Where do ionic bonds typically occur?

Compounds formed from metals combined with non-metals.

What characterizes covalent bonds in terms of particles?

Particles are atoms which share pairs of electrons.

Where do covalent bonds typically occur?

Most non-metallic elements and in compounds of non-metals.

What characterizes metallic bonds in terms of particles?

Particles that are atoms which share delocalised electrons

Where do metallic bonds typically occur?

Metallic elements and alloys.

What happens to metal and non-metal atoms during ionic bonding?

Metal atoms lose electrons to become positively charged ions; Non-metal atoms gain electrons to become negatively charged ions.

What is an ion?

An atom that has lost or gained electron(s).

What is the structure of ionic compounds?

A giant structure of ions.

What holds ionic compounds together?

Strong electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions.

What happens during covalent bonding?

Atoms share one or more pairs of electrons.

Give examples of small molecules with strong covalent bonds.

HCl, H2, O2, Cl2, NH3, CH4

What are polymers?

Large covalently bonded molecules.

What are giant covalent structures (macromolecules)?

Many atoms covalently bonded in a lattice structure.

What does the bonding in a metal consist of?

Positive ions (atoms that have lost electron(s)) and delocalised electrons arranged in a regular pattern.

What is the delocalised electron system?

Electrons ‘lost’ from the atoms to form positive ions.

What can delocalised electrons do?

They are free to move through the structure.

Why are metallic bonds strong?

The delocalised electrons are shared through the structure.