Extended response Questions Honors Biology Semester 1

Scientific Graph

In a scientific graph, the dependent variable goes on the y-axis and the independent variable goes on the x-axis. They’re typically composed of a title, data points, legend(key), and scales to represent the data clearly. There are also many types of scientific graphs such as line graphs, bar graphs, and pie charts.

Ecology-Energy Pyramids

Energy pyramids show the flow of energy through different trophic levels in an ecosystem, illustrating how energy decreases as it moves from producers to primary consumers and to higher-level consumers. Only about 10% of energy is available from one trophic level to the next, all of this “lost” energy is converted to heat. The trophic level with the highest amount of energy are the producers.

Enzymes, substrate, heat

Enzymes are proteins that help molecules react with one another. They bind to or break molecules called substrates. Each substrate and enzyme has a specific shape, only binding to the ones they are compatible with, but heat can affect the shape of an enzyme. High temperatures can denature enzymes, altering their shape.

Cell types(prokaryotic and eukaryotic)

Cells are classified into two main categories, Prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Prokaryotic cells don’t contain a nucleus or membrane bound organelles, they are much simpler. While eukaryotic cells do contain a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, allowing for more complex functions and processes, they are also generally larger and more complex that prokaryotic cells. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are both also similar because they both contain genetic material and are surrounded by a cell membrane.

Specific cells and their characteristics, similarities and differences(plant, animal, bacteria)

Cells can be classified as plant, animal, or bacteria, each exhibiting unique characteristics. Plant cells have cell walls and chloroplasts for photosynthesis; animal cells lack cell walls but contain centrioles; bacterial cells are prokaryotic and have a simple structure without a nucleus, yet all share features like a cell membrane and genetic material.

Ecology- Exponential and logistic growth(carrying capacity?)

Exponential growth takes place when individuals reproduce at a constant rate. In contrast, logistic growth occurs when a population's growth slows as it approaches its carrying capacity, which is the maximum population size that an environment can sustain.