Thermal Energy

Change in state from solid to liquid

melting

Change in state from solid to gas

sublimation

Change in state from liquid to gas

evaporation

Change in state from liquid to solid

freezing

Change in state from gas to liquid

condensation

Change in state from gas to solid

deposition

Solid particles are far apart? (T or F)

False

Liquid particles are a little apart? (T or F)

True

Gas particles are very far apart? (T or F)

True

These particles have a strong bond

Solid

These particles have a weak bond

Liquid

These particles have almost no bond

Gas

Variable shape and volume

Gas

Fixed shape and fixed volume

Solid

Variable shape and fixed volume

Liquid

Matter (definition)

anything that has mass and occupies space

Atom (definition)

smallest particle of matter

Particles of matter are constantly in motion? (T or F)

True

As temperature increases, particles move…

Faster

As temperature decreases, particles move…

Slower

Temperature is a measure of…

the average kinetic energy of a substance

Thermal equilibrium (definition)

when a hot and cold object exchange heat and reach the same temperature

Conduction (definition)

heat transfer through direct contact of particles

Convection (definition)

Heat transfer where a hot fluid rises and a cold fluid sinks

Radiation (definition)

Heat transfer through the emission/absorbtion of infrared rays

Thermal energy is measured in…

Joules

Larger objects have more heat energy than smaller objects at the same temperature? (T or F)

True

Insulation (definition)

means to prevent heat transfer between objects

An insulator of styrofoam is best for preventing… (type of heat transfer)

Conduction

Removing liquid to create a vaccuum is best for preventing… (type of heat transfer)

Convection

Refecting heat waves back is best for preventing… (type of heat transfer)

Radiation

Latent heat energy (definition)

Heat energy released/absorbed when 1 kg of a substance changes state without a change in temperature

Latent heat energy equation

E(thermal) = mL

Latent heat of fusion (definition)

Energy released or absorbed during the transition between solid and liquid phases

Latent heat of vaporisation (definition)

Energy released or absorbed during the transition between liquid and gas phases

Latent heat of sublimation (definition)

Energy released or absorbed during the transition between solid and gas phases

When a substance is hated, its bonds are…

broken

Specific Heat Capacity

The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1kg of a substance by one degree celsius

Specific Heat Capacity Equation

E(thermal) = mc△t

Specific heat capacity equation is for when a substance is…

cooling, heating, changing temperature

Latent heat equation is for when a substance is…

melting, freezing, changing state