Nurse Aide 1- McDowell Tech/ Module G,H,I

Adaptive Devices

special equipment that helps a disabled or ill resident perform activities of daily living (ADLs)

Amputation

surgical removal of a body part

Basic Restorative Care

care provided after residents highest possible functioning is restored (rehabilitation) following illness or injury

Bladder/ Bowel Training

measures taken to restore function of voiding and defactating resident, with ultimate goal of continence.

Defecation

process of emptying the rectum of feces

Empathy

being able to identify with and understand how a resident feels

Functional Loss

partial or complete loss of the function of the body part

Incontinence

the inability to control urination or defecation

Orthotic Device

artificial device that replaces a body part and helps with function and/ or appearance.

Prosthetic Device

replacement devices for lost body parts

Rehabilitation

restoration of a residents highest possible functioning following illness or injury

Supportive Device

Special equipment that helps a disabled or ill resident with movement

Urination/ Voiding

process of emptying the bladder

Cell Theory

basic unit of all living tissues or organisms, all living organisms made of cells, and cellular function is essential process of living things

Cells

are building blocks of the human body and when combined, are said to form tissue

Organ

made of tissue, maybe several different types of tissue, that carry on a special function, and combine to form a system

Organism

made up of systems functioning together to perform activities of daily living needed for continued life. Ex: Humans, Trees, Cats, and ladybugs.

Organelle

carry on work of cell

System

made of groups of several organs functioning together for a specific purpose or purposes

Tissue

cells grouped together and carries out a particular activity or function, when grouped together, tissues become organs.

Bony Prominences

areas of body where bone is close to the skin, such as elbows

Eczema

red, itchy areas on the surface of the skin

Epidermis

outer layer of skin

Dermatitis

inflammation of the skin

Integumentary Systems

the skin; the largest organ and system in the body, responsible for providing a natural protective covering of the body

Pressure Points

points where the body ulcers, bed sore - a serious wound caused by poor circulation, resulting from pressure.

Abduction

moving a body part away from the midline

Adduction

moving a body part toward the midline

Arthritis

inflammation of the joints

Bone Marrow

soft and spongy inside part of the bone

Bones

hard and rigid structures that makeup the skeleton and together form the framework of the body

Cardiac muscle

involuntary muscle of the heart

Contracture

permanent shortening of muscle, joints become frozen

Dorsiflexion

bending the toes and foot up at the ankle

Extension

straightening a body part

External Rotation

turning the joint outward

Flexion

bending a body part

Fracture

break in a bone

Internal Rotation

turning the joint inward

Joints

point where bones meet, made up of cartilage and connective tissue that cushion the bones, allowing for movement of the area

Ligament

connect bone to bone

Muscle Atrophy

muscle mass decreases in size

Muscle Strain

damage of the muscle caused by trauma

Muscles

structure of the body that powers movement of skeleton and helps body stay erect

Musculoskeletal Systen

system of the body that provides structure and movement of the body

Opposition

touching the thumb to a finger of the same hand

Osteoarthritis

disease affects weight-bearing joints, with aches stiffness, limited motion

Plantar Flexion

bending the foot down at the ankle

Pronation

turning downward

Rheumatoid Arthritis

systemic, crippling disease causing deformities, with stiff, painful, swollen joints

Skeletal Muscle

voluntary muscle that powers movement of the skeletal

Smooth Muscle

involuntary muscle of the inner linings of organs

Sprain

stretched or torn ligaments or tendons

Supination

turning upward

Tendons

connect muscle to bone

Blindness

loss of eyesight

Brain

Located in the skull, and consists of 3 parts= cerebrum, cerebellum, and the brainstem,

Brainstem

part of the brain that controls breathing,, opening and closing of blood vessels, heart rate, swallowing, gagging, and coughing

CVA or STROKE

damage to part of brain due to blood clot or hemorrhage cutting blood supply off.

Cataract

when lens of eye becomes cloudy

Cerebellum

part of the brain located just below the cerebrum and controls balance and regulates movement.

Cerebrum

center of the brain where thought and intelligence occurs

Deafness

hearing loss

Dementia

progressive loss of mental abilities, such as thinking, remembering, etc.

Glaucoma

damage to optic nerve caused by pressure

Hearing Loss

not being able to hear normal range of sounds that can be heard with normal hearing

Nerves

are made up of nerve cells or neurons that carry messages to and from the brain and to and from the rest of the body

Neurological System

the control and message center of the body

Neurons

nerve cells

Otitis Media

infection of the middle ear

Parkinsons Disease

progressive nervous disease due to destruction of brain cells

Sensory Organs

recieve impulses from enviroment and relay impulses to brain including skin, tongue, eyes, and ears

Spinal Cord

located within the spine, connected to the brain and conducts messages between the brain and the body by pathways

Anemia

low red blood cell count

Arteries

blood vessels that carry blood with Oxygen and nutrients AWAY from the heart and to the cells.

Atria (Right and Left)

2 of the 4 upper chambers of the heart

Blood

consists of water (90%), blood cells, carbon dioxide, oxygen, nutrients, hormones, enzymes, waste products

Cardiovascular System

also called the circulatory system and is the continous movement of blood through the body.

Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)

when one or both sides of the heart stop pumping effectively

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)

a condition in which blood vessels in the coronary arteries narrow, lowering blood supply to the heart and depriving it of oxygen.

Diastole

the resting phrase of the heart when the heart fills with blood; the bottom number of a blood pressure reading

Heart

the pump of the cardiovascular system

Hypertension

high blood pressure

Myocardial Infraction (MI)

a heart attack; A condition where the heart muscle does not recieve enough blood and lacks oxygen, causing damage or death to that area of the heart

Pulse

is the beat of the heart felt at an artery, an wave of blood passes through the artery; is the numbers of heart beats per minute

Systole

the working phrase of the heart when the heart is pumping blood to the body; the top number of a blood pressure reading

Varicose Veins

enlarged, twisted veins usually in legs

Veins

blood vessels that carry blood with waste products away from the cells and to the heart.

Ventricles (Right and Left)

2 of the 4 lower chambers of the heart

Asthma

a disease characterized by diffuculty breathing, wheezing, and a sense of tightness or construction in the chest due to spasm of the muscles

Chronic Obstruction Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

Emphysema, asthma, and chronic bronchitis and problems related to these diseases

Cyanosis

change in skin color, pale or blueish color of lips and extremeties

Dyspnea

diffuculty breathing

Emphysema

irreversible damage to the lungs causing permanant holes in the lung tissues

Exhale

when carbon dioxide is expelled out of the nose and the mouth from the lungs

Expiration

involves the breathing out of carbon dioxide

Influenza

contagious respiratory disease caused by a virus

Inhale

when air (or oxygen) is pulled in through the nose and down into the lungs

Inspiration

involves the breathing in of oxygen

Lobes

segments or areas of the lung