Intro CSD Exam 2

What is phonology?

how phonemes are combined to make words

phonemes

smallest unit of sound, speech sounds

true or false? Children usually have an articulation disorder or language disorder but not both

FALSE

what systems are needed to speak?

respiratory, phonatory, resonators, articulation

what is the goal of articulation therapy?

intelligible speech

true or false? Metaphon therapy is common?

FALSE

phonological process of deletion of initial consonants

cop becomes op

what causes an articulation disorder?

structure of mouth/otitis media

common articulation tests

the Goldman Fristoe test of articulation

adema

swelling

aphonia

loss of voice

three vocal NODULE characteristics

come in pairs. calluses, hoarse voice quality

how do we treat nodules?

yawn-sigh treatment

paralysis

total loss of function

paresis

partial loss of function

what part of the brain is associated with spasmodic dysphoria?

basal ganglia

how is spasmodic dysphoria treated?

botox

what are the subjective voice assessments?

CAPE-5 and VHI

types of objective voice assessments

flexible video endoscopy and stroboscopy, visi pitch and nasometer

laryngectomy definiton

removal of larynx (usually because of cancer)

hard palate definition

separates oral and nasal cavities; top of the oral cavity

uvula definiton

finger-like projection that hangs down

true or false- a cleft palate is fixed before a cleft lip

false

what age does cleft lip surgery usually happen?

3 months old

true or false- surgery is typically successful in generic adequate velopharyngeal closure

true

transdisciplinary cleft palate team

surgeon, SLP, ENT, dentist

palatal lift

a prosthetic that helps the soft palate move when it is weak

stuttering is a(n) articulation disorder, fluency disorder, or language disorder?

fluency disorder

true or false- stuttering causes negative emotional reactions by the speaker?

true

what are two characteristics of cluttering?

fast speech bursts, not rhythmical, unintelligible

true or false- stuttering is a nervous condition

false

What are stuttering assessments?

test of childhood stuttering and using a stuttering severity instrument

What percent of the time does stuttering in early childhood resolve itself

65%-80%

It is important to involve the family of the stutterer in therapy because -

they may be having a negative reaction to the stuttering (thinking their child will not get a job, married, go to college, etc.) and may need to make their speaking environment more comfortable

What is an example of a substitution?

"rabbit" becomes "wabbit" (w for r)

What is a distortion?

A lisp (lateral s)

What is a deletion?

cop" becomes "op"

Why is perception important in speech acquisition?

it is hard to imitate and repeat if you cannot hear the sounds

speech delay

children with speech production patterns that are typical for children who are younger

Speech Disorder

atypical production of speech sounds, interruption in the flow of speaking, or abnormal production and/or absences of voice quality, including pitch, loudness, resonance, and/or duration

What is an example of the phonological deletion of the ending sound?

house" becomes "hou"

What is an example of syllable reduction

banana" becomes "nana"

Describe how to get a language sample with a 4 year old patient

record them playing and saying at least 100 words, then make an evaluation

Atrophy

Reduction in tissue

hyper function

increased muscle activity

Voice quality can be described as

hoarse, breathy, harsh

Hoarse

Breathy and harsh

breathy voice

A voice that sounds like a whisper and is weak and not clearly phonated

harsh

Tense voice

vocal abuse examples

excessive talking, throat clearing, coughing, smoking, screaming, yelling

True or false- Conversion aphonia or disphonia has a psychogenic cause

True

Electrolarynx

A battery-powered device that sets air in the vocal tract into vibration. (Robotic)

esophageal speech

speech that is produced by using burping as a substitute for the laryngeal voice

What is the frequency of oral facial clefts?

4th most common

Unilateral cleft

cleft on one side

Bilateral cleft

cleft on both sides

Describe a submucous cleft

notch in the hard palate, abnormal orientation of the soft palate muscles causing the middle of the velum to be thing and bluish, bifid uvula (two uvulas)

An individual with a submucous cleft is at risk for

speech problems, middle ear disease, and swallowing difficulties

Cleft lip surgery

cheiloplasty

What are two ways to detect nasal emissions

mirror under the nose, Seascape

glottal stop

"ah"; vocal folds slam together; "uh-oh"

Describe how a nasometer will help a SLP diagnose a resonance difference

measures how much air is coming out of the nose vs the amount of air coming out of the mouth

What are characteristics of fluent speech?

easy, effortless, rhythmical

True or false- Disfluent speech is a high number or duration of repetitions, prolongations, and/or blockages that interrupt speech

True

A stutterer may be more fluent when

singing, using a fake voice, choral voice

What is the etiology of stuttering?

Unknown

True or false- Most children before starting school will have temporary disfluency?

True

What are three test used in a stuttering evaluation?

articulation testing, language testing, oral mech exam

What is the term used when someone stutters into adulthood?

Chronic stutter

True or false- Severity of a stutter does not change over time

False

True or false- There can be language differences in the language abilities in the people who do and do not stutter

True

Articulation

the physical production of particular speech sounds

True or false- Assessing and treating developmental speech disorders is common in pediatrics

True

True or false- Articulation disorders are more likely to have a known etiology than phonological process disorders

Ture

What is nonverbal communication that can be observed?

body language, eye contact, sign language

vocal polyps

common, balloon-like blisters, breathy/hoarse voice quality

papilloma

A benign, superficial, wartlike growth, large, hoarse quality

Describe unilateral vocal fold paralysis surgery

move the effected fold to the midline and sew it in place

Velopharyngeal Inadequacy (VPI) is caused by what two problems?

small soft palate or large pharynx