Prehistoric to Modern Art Vocabulary

Art History Flashcards

Apollo 11 Stone

Namibia. 25000 B.C.E Charcoal on stone.Cave stones with animal-like figures with human legs .Thought to be a Therianthrope.

Great Hall of the Bulls

Lascaux, France. Paleolithic Europe. 15000-13000 B.C.E. Rock painting. Includes animals that were of importance (bulls, horses, cattle, deer), and only one human painting.

Camelid Sacrum in the Shape of a Canine

Tequixquiac, central Mexico. 14000-7000 B.C.E. Bone. Head of Canine, natural shape of sacrum bone. Made from the now fossilized remains of the sacrum triangular pelvic bone of a camelid (now extinct)

Running Horned Woman

Tassili n’Ajjer, Algeria. 6000-4000 B.C.E. Pigment on Rock. A horned woman running with arm and shin guards.

Beaker with Ibex Motifs

Susa, Iran. 4200-3500 B.C.E. Painted terra cotta. Central ibex (mountain goat) Running greyhound like animals, Diamond shapes. For funerary practices

Anthropomorphic Steele

Arabian Peninsula. 4th millennium B.C.E. Sandstone. Represents a human. Trapezoid head with a horizontal necklace along with an awl. The waist has a belt with two daggers

Jade Cong

Liangzhu, China. 3300-2200 B.C.E. Carved Jade. Square hollow tube, lines and circles = animals, humans, and monsters. Show power and wealth.

Stonehenge

Wiltshire, UK. Neolithic Europe. 2500-1600 B.C.E. Sandstone. First started around 3100 B.C.E, Concentric circles of huge stones. Post and lintel construction. Used as a burial site.

The Ambum Stone

Ambum Valley, Enga Province, Papua New Guinea. 1500 B.C.E. Greywacke. Most likely a depiction of an Echidna, which is an egg-laying mammal that’s native to the New Guinea region.

Tlatilco Female Figurine

Central Mexico, sites of Tlatilco. 1200-900 B.C.E. Ceramic. Figure of female form. Elaborate style hair and lively expression with deformities.Part of a burial process

Terra Cotta Fragments

Lapita. Solomon Islands, Reef Islands. 1000 B.C.E. incised. Clear anthropomorphic figure depicted. Faces are highly geometric and large.

White Temple and its Ziggurat

Uruk [modern Warka, Iraq]. Sumerians. 3500-3000 B.C.E. Mud Brick. For government and religious purpose. Rituals & sacrifices dedicated to Anu.

Palette of King Narmer

Predynastic Egypt. 3000-2920 B.C.E. Greywacke. Contains The head of goddess Bat, King Narmer with a bull tail. Used for grinding up makeup

Statues of Votive Figures, from the Square Temple at Eshnunna (modern Tell Asmar, Iraq)

Sumerians. 2900-2600 B.C.E. Gypsum inlaid with shell and black limestone. Figure of male and female donors with larger eyes. Stand in for worshipper

Seated Scribe

Saqqara, Egypt. Old Kingdom, Fourth Dynasty 2620-2500 B.C.E. Painted Limestones. Scribe holds a papyrus scroll, tranquil face is wisdom. For funerals.

Standard of Ur from the Royal Tombs at UR (modern Tell el-Muqayyar, Iraq).

Sumerian. 2600-2400 B.C.E. Wood inlaid with shell, lapis lazuli, and red limestone. One side shows men bringing crops and fish, another side is the war. Mostly unknown

Great Pyramids of Giza (Menkaura, Khafre, Khufu) and Great Sphinx

Giza, Egypt. Old Kingdom, Fourth Dynasty. 2550-2490 B.C.E. Cut Limestone. Burial sites for kings social structure, and reflect solar cycle.

King Menkaura and Queen

Old Kingdom, Fourth Dynasty. 2490-2472 B.C.E. Greywacke. Depicts Egyptian king Menkaure and his wife, rigid postures to communicate divinity.

The Code of Stele of Hammurabi

Babylon [modern Iran]. Susian. 1792-1750 B.C.E. Basalt. King Hammurabi receiving the code from the god of justice.To show the laws and punishments that will be enforced by Hammurbi

Temple of Amun-Re and Hypostyle Hall

Karnak, near Luxor, Egypt. New Kingdom, 18th and 19th Dynasties. Temple: 1550 B.C.E.; Hall: 1250 B.C.E. Cut sandstone and mudbrick. Center of god Amun-Re

Mortuary Temple of Hatshepsut

Near Luxor, Egypt. New Kingdom, 18th Dynasty. 1473-1458 B.C.E. Sandstone, partially carved into a rock cliff, and red granite. Funerary temple to Pharaoh Hatshepsut

Akhenaton, Nefertiti, and Three Daughters

New Kingdom [Amarna], 18th Dynasty 1353-1335 B.C.E. Limestone. Depicts Akhenaton, Nefertiti and his three daughters sitting on a throne. Meant to be apart of house altar

Tutankhamun’s Tomb, innermost coffin

New Kingdom, 18th Dynasty. 1323 B.C.E. Gold with inlay of enamel and semi precious stones. Pharaoh Tut sarcophagus had three coffins for the kings body. Meant to protect the body of the pharaoh

Last judgement of Hu-Nefer, from his tomb. Book of the Dead

New Kingdom, 19th Dynasty. 1275 B.C.E. Painted papyrus scroll. To prove Hunefer had lived an ethical life and deserved to enter the afterlife

Lamassu from the Citadel of Sargon II, Dur Sharrukin (modern Khorsabad. Iraq)

Neo-Assyrian. 720-705 B.C.E. Alabaster.. A spiritual guardian figure of city and important places. Human headed winged bull

Athenian Agora

Archaic through Hellenistic Greek. 600 B.C.E.-150 C.E. Plan. Originally a burial ground, started as a market place then transformed into a government building

Anavysos Kouros

Archaic Greek. 530 B.C.E. Marble with remnants of paint. Young naked male, idealized strong and lean body. Used as grave markers

Peplos Kore from the Acropolis

Archaic Greek. 530 B.C.E. Marble, painted details. Young maiden, a peplos robe . To honor or depict a goddess

Sarcophagus of the Spouses

Etruscan. 520 B.C.E. Terra cotta. Deceased woman and man together in intimacy, grave marker.

Audience Hall (apadana) of Darius and Xerxes (Persepolis, Iran)

Persian. 520-465 B.C.E. Limestone. Columns capitals are animals. Represents the expensive nature of the Persian Empire and emperor’s power.

Temple of Minerva (Veii, near Rome, Italy) and sculpture of Apollo

Etruscan. 510-500 B.C.E. Original temple of wood, mudbrick, or tufa ; terra cotta sculpture. Dedicated to Minerva, shows Etruscan assimilation of Greek gods.

Tomb of the Triclinium (Tarquinia, Italy)

Etruscan 480-470 B.C.E. Tufa and Fresco. Tomb has chambers and painted fresco walls. For funerary rituals.

Niobides Krater

460-45- B.C.E. Clay, red-figure technique . Front: Niobe, Back: Hercules. Used to mix water and wine.

Doryphoros

Original 450-440 B.C.E. Roman copy of Greek original. Celebrates the human body, it's beauty, and strength

Acropolis (Athena, Greece)

447-410 B.C.E. Marble. The most important religious center in Greece

Grave Stele of Hegeso

Marble and paint. Grave stones

Depicts Nike which represents the goddess of victory.

Winged Victory of Samothrace

Great Altar of Zeus and Athena at Pergamon

Marble architecture and sculpture. Worship of Greek gods, sacrifices made on top of states.

House of the Vettii

Cut stone and freso. It indicates a theme of forward-thinking

Alexander Mosaic from the House of the Faun, Pompeii

Battle of Alexander the Great and Darius III. Roman Aristocrats would have in invested for the enjoyment of there guest.

Head of a Roman Patrician

Marble Displays respect; wisdom. Valor/strength of Roman people.

Head of a Roman Patrician

Republican Rome 75-50 B.C.E. Marble. Displays respect symbolizes wisdom, determination, experience, valor, and strength of Roman Republicans

Augustus of Prima Porta

Early first century C.E. Marble. Demonstrating Augustus military power.

Colosseum (Flavian Amphitheater)

70-80 C.E. stones:concrete. To provide Public entertainment

Forum of Trajan

106-112 C.E. brick:concrete. Commemorates Trajan victories.

Pantheon

118-125 C.E. Concrete:stone facing . Oriniginally was a temple to the Gods than changed to a church.

Ludovisi Battle Sarcophagus

Marble A gravesite of a rich unidentified Roman

Catacomb of Priscila

200-400 CE. Excavated tufa,fresco. The oldest catacomb for the earliest christians.

Santa Sabrina

422-432 C.E. Brick,stone. Lights used to inspire and impress chrisitians

Rebecca and Eliezer at the Well and Jacob Wrestling the Angel, from the Vienna Genesis

Early Sixth Century C.E. Manuscript of the bible. To depict bible stories.

San Vitale

Centrally located Basilica place of christian worship.

Hagia Sophia

Built by Empore Constatine, later used as a mosque. A mix of longitudinal and centrally planned Basilica

Merovingian lopped Fibulae

Mid Sixth Century C.E. Brooch to fasten clothing with Clovenne to decorate.

Virgin (Theotokos) and Children between Saints Theodore and George

Mixes Green/Roman aesthetics with the emerging of Byrantie aesthetics

Lindisfarne Gospels

Visual representation of the bible with ink.pigment + gold.

Great Mosque

Stone Masary. Islamic worship the minbar represents Islamic presence.

Pyxis of al-Mughira:

carved ivory (elephant tusk) Used as a symbol of family,carries cosmetic and perfumes

Church of Sainte-foy

Hosts pilgrims to receive blessings and demonstrate piety. Remined to not to sin

Bayeux Tapestry

Embroidery on Linen. Was made to commitate the winds of the nomarns

Chartres Cathedral

Limestone Stained Glass,A pilmagrim site with three arcades a short Transept.

Dedication Page with Blanche of Castile and King Louis IX of France, Scenes from the Apocalypse from Bibles moralisees

Illuminated manuscript. (pigments) Used to teach moral obligations +religious events

Rottgen Pieta

Painted wood. Used to examine emotion and would have been to an Autor.

Arena Scrovegni Chapel including Lamentation

Brick,Architectural + Fresco. To Atone for the sin of the usurers.

Golden Haggadah

Iluminated manuscript. Demonstrates the Story of Passover

Alhambra

was built to be a palace for Násric Sultans.

Annunciation Triptych

It can fold and carried. For private devotion, with many objects representing reincarnation.

Pazzi Chapel Chapel

A burial site + A chapter house and a representation of the devotion of the pazzi family

Afofini Portrait

It can be a document of wedding. It has a greater attention + detail

David

Bronze it represents that it had some sort of triumph but that it also comes at the expense of something else. it tells followers Gods might will help you through struggles

Palazzo Rucellai

It was built to house the Rocellai family And is a physical resrption of wealth and importance.

Madonna and Child with two angels

A painting for the middles class to show royalty. As a remainder of Christs story

Birth of Venus

Revealed in own his artistic location.

Last Supper

Oil and Tempoer:Show the flaws of humanity.and tell a bibical story

Adam And Eve

Oil on Canves: the is meant to show wisdom from an experience and point out his admiral experience of seriousness

Sistine Chapel Ceiling and Altar walls

Vatican City: It is said in the ceiling there is a way that you can interpret all that God has to offer.

Schools Of Athems

A tribute to famous philosophers.

Isenheim Atarol

Object of Deotion

Etombent of Christ

Oil on Wood,Altarpiece with Unatural Body poristrions and it represents the passion

Allegory of Law and Grace

Oil on Canvas. Used to push and preach reformation.

Venous of urbine

Oil on Canvas It is meant to teach a wife as a gift about how she has to have sex.

Frontispiece

INK + COLOR/ PAPER- TRIBUTE to the art

II gesus

Brick Marab and Fresco. To have illustrations

Hunter os the snow

Oil on Canvas. Asecular Painting that represents Enjoyment and enjoyment

Mosque of Selim 11

Was made to show and the show case of greatness as a religious site.

Calling of saint Mathews

It teach of the bible.

Henri iv ecelving of the portrait Marie

Its used as a way of propaganda

Self Portrait With seskia

Primate art. To show the illusion of something.

San Carlo

It can help express illusion and imagination

Emstasy Of Saint treasa

a virtual depiction to reach after life

Angel with Aquabus

Oil on canves; It uses power of spain military

Las meninas

Was made for theking to view but shows ethere perfection

women holding a balance

A reminder of Christ storh with a sign.

Palace of Versailles

Emphases importance and wealth

Screen with of Belgrade

Meany to be viewed by two different groups

The Virgin of Guadalupe

To be for Religious peroses.

Fruit and Insects

Oil painting to make comonwell

spanded and Indians Produce

An attempt to discourage mixing

Tete A tete

Oil painting meant as a starlice

Protrait of sunara

it can serve of wealth

philosopher

Oil and canves To to the improvements of that show of curiousity