Civics: Chapter 1 Guided Reading

Governments provide ________ by setting priorities and making decisions on behalf of the people.

leadership

Governments maintain _________ by placing limits on what individuals are permitted to do and by enforcing these limits.

order

Governments provide ________ ________ such as schools, sewer systems, roads, and often the means of promoting public health and safety.

public services

Governments provide for __________ __________ in order to protect the people against attacks by another country or terrorists.

national security

Governments provide _____________ ______________ through trade deals, protection of national businesses, and economic policies.

economic security

Many governments provide _______ _______ to people in need.

economic assistance

A __________ sizable group of people who believes themselves united by common bonds of race, language, custom, or religion.

nation

States and countries are political communities, each occupying a defined ___________ and having an organized government.

territory

The four essential features of a state are ____________, ___________, ______________, and __________.

population, territory, sovereignty, government

The ___________ theory suggests that the state evolved from the family unit in order to provide more organization to extended families.

evolutionary

According to the ________ theory, states were created when leaders used their power to compel cooperation between people.

force

The ______ ______ theory came from European monarchs who claimed that their right to rule came directly from God.

divine right

According to the _______ _______ theory, governments are created when people surrender their freedom to the state in exchange for order and security.

social contract

Identify the purposes of government. Explain which purposes would be most important to a government formed under the social contract theory.

Providing leadership, maintaining order, providing public services, providing national security, and providing economic security and economic assistance.

Under the force theory, the most important purposes would be providing leadership and maintaining order.

Under the social contract theory, the most important purposes would be maintaining order and providing national security.

In a _________ system of government, all key powers belong to the central government.

unitary

In a ________ system of government, key powers belong the independent sovereign states.

confederacy

In a _________ system of government, powers are divided between the national and state or provincial governments.

federal

A __________ sets out shared ideals, establishes the basic structure, powers, and duties of government, and provides the supreme law for the country.

constitution

A constitutional government is a __________ government because the constitution places clearly recognized boundaries on the powers of those tho govern.

limited

Authoritarian governments are sometimes referred to as __________ states because the government has total control.

totalitarian

In a __________, one person has great power, usually through inheritance.

monarchy

A _________ government derives its power from the consent and trust of the people, who either rule directly or through elected representatives.

an oligarchy/democracy

A democracy depends on citizen participation in ____________, which are regular, free, and fair, involve more than one party, and lead to a peaceful transfer of power.

elections

In a democracy, no one is above the law and the rights of the __________ are protected even though the majority rules.

minorities

__________and __________ assure that elected officials are held responsible for their actions and that people are aware of the actions their government is taking.

accountability; transparency

A bill of rights, often attached to a country's __________, limits the power of government and explains the freedoms that are guranteed to all people.

constitution

Democratic officials often control the __________ of power by limiting the powers of government officias.

abuse

Other principles of democracy include economic freedom, individual or ____________ rights, and the concept that all individuals should be valued __________.

human; equally

In a democracy, the courts and the judicial system should be __________and impartial.

independant

Identify the 14 principles of democracy and explain why these would not be principles of an authoritarian government.

1. citizen participation

2. regular free & fair elections

3. accepting the results of elections

4. the rule of law

5. majority rule with minority rights

6. accountability

7. transparency

8. limited government & a bill of rights

9. control of the abuse of power

10. economic freedom

11. equality

12. individual or human rights

13. independent judiciary

14. competing political parties

These would not be principles of an authoritarian government because there is no freedom. the Government is not limited and there are no rights. Everyone just does with the goernment commands.

What 6 factors are found in every type of economy?

Producers, distributors, labor, resources, capital, and consumers

List the 3 key questions that must be answered by all economic systems.

What and how much should be produced? How should goods and services be produced? Who gets the goods and services that are produced?

Identify the 3 categories for classifying economic systems by how they work.

traditional, market, and command

How does the term laissez-faire describe the role of government in capitalism?

hands off role for government

Identify the 5 characteristics of pure capitalism.

private ownership and control of property and economic resources, free enterprise, competition, freedom of choice, and the possibility of profits.

What is a mixed economy?

a system in which the government regulates private enterprise, elements of capitalist economy and socialist economy

What makes the economy of the U.S. a mixed economy rather than a pure capitalist economy?

we have the features of a mixed economy

What is the goal of socialism?

an equal distribution of wealth

How is democratic socialism different from pure socialism?

citizens have basic democratic rights like free speech and free elections, but in the economic sphere, the government may own key industries and government makes economic decisions designed to benefit everyone

Why is the economy under a communist system called a command economy?

because decisions are made at the upper levels of government and handed down to the rest of the nation.

Summarize Karl Marx's basic theory about communism.

He wrote that industrialization created deep divisions between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat

Compare the role of the government in a mixed economy to the role of the government in a socialist economy.

Mixed economies combine elements of capitalism and socialism while a socialist is just that