US history week 9

Videos, YAWP, Documents

How does Andrew Jackson almost die?

He gets shot near the heart in Kentucky

What did Andrew Jackson stand for?

• during and controversial symbol, a kind of cipher to gauge the ways that various Americans thought about their country.

Was Jackson’s presidency viewed well?

• No, he was extremely controversial 

Did all of the founders believe democracy was a good thing?

No, some did not think of it as a good thing. 

How did political participation grow?

• People started participating in local politics?

What frightened Elites about citizens in this time?

• Held growing Influence within politics

What did Hamilton believe was the best government?

British Government 

Did Democracy frighten Hamilton?

Yes, It did.

What was seen as the result of too much political participation?

• Elites thought it would undermine good order

• It would prevent the creation of a United and secure republican society

What did Benjamin Rush believe rebellion sparked by revolution would do?

• could lead to a dangerous new type of despotism.

Despotism 

the exercise of absolute power, especially in a cruel and oppressive way.

What was early polling like in the states?

• People got out and voted in impressive numbers

• What are the two doors of Rush’s anecdote? What does he mean by it? 

Rush said that tyranny had 2 doors

• 1 bolted shut by proper restraints; Tyranny properly restrained by government

• The other open by neglecting to guard against the effects of our own ignorance; direct rebellious participation could lead to chaos, not shut down at all.

What were the sections emerging in the United States?

North

South

West

• Why was balance in the Senate desired?

• To avoid one section having more political power than the other a.e have an equal amount of representation of free and slave states so one was no more influential in Congress than the other  

• What made Jackson a rising political figure? Why was it controversial? 

• He excelled as a general and was given the name “Old Hickory” for being tough

• He launched many attacks on Floridia and slaughtered the Seminole people 

• he also arrested 2 British soldiers and executed them. 

• What is the nullification crisis?

• The tariff of 1828 raised prices of european products in America

• This forced the south to buy the products from the north at a higher price; something that they said created a massive transfer of wealth.

• It also caused foreign problems as Europe levied their of tarrifs and refused to but the souths raw goods

• People from South Carolina said the tariff was making way for a ban on slavery 

• Calhoun states that in South Carolina Exposition and Protest, that a state can nullify a federal statute they deemed unconstitutional 

• A nullifying state could leave the union 

• How does it connect to earlier ideas from the class? 

• It shows that citizens were willing to stand up for something that they believed was unfair/unconstitutional, even if it meant leaving the union. This is pretty much what the founders did when they believed that Britain s taxation and rule had become so unfair they would rather separate and start something completely new. 

• How does the Eaton Affair show the role of women in politics? 

• Even though women could not vote, they had a lot of influence in politics. because of the rumors about Margaret, other women refused to have anything to do with her. Womens influence held politics together. Her being outcasted harmed Jacksons cabinet. 

What is the Bank Fight

A lot of Democratic Republicans liked the bank, but some were skeptical that such a powerful insitutution could be dangerous to the republic. Andrew Jackson believed it could be dangerous. When the charter ran out Congresss tried to renew it, but Jackson voted the bill, calling it unconstitutional. Jackson told his cabinet to stop funding the bank, and instead to work with Pet Banks; smaller state selected Banks. 

Result of bank fight

• Jackson’s enemies had never had so many numbers

• His political enemies organized

• Lead way to the creation of the whigs

What led to the Panic of 1837

• Jackson Dismantled the Bank of the United States 

• Number of state Banks shot up

• banks became more careless about the amount of hard currency they kept on hand to redeem their banknotes.

What policies impacted the panic of 1837

• In June 1836, Congress decided to increase the number of banks receiving federal deposits.

-  This plan undermined the banks that were already receiving federal money, since they saw their funds distributed to other banks.

-Fueled land boom

the Treasury Department issued an order called the Specie Circular in July 1836, requiring payment in hard currency for all federal land purchases.

-As a result, land buyers drained eastern banks of even more gold and silver. (Hard money was needed to make land purchases 

• What do we see in the rise of political opposition to the Democrats?

• The Whig party formed by Henry Clay is opposition of “King Andrew” 

• Members varied some being pro slavery and some being abolitionist. 

• How is Jackson portrayed by his political rivals? 

• as a king hence the name “King Andrew”

• How do we see different groups form coalitions against the Democrats? 

We see many groups formed to combat democratic views.

Who is James forten

• a free-born sail maker who had served in the American Revolution, had become a wealthy merchant and landowner.

• He used his wealth and influence to promote the abolition of slavery, and after the 1838 constitution, he undertook a lawsuit to protect his right to vote.

• He lost and lost his voting rights 

Denmark Vesey slave conspiracy

• convinced white South Carolinians that antislavery ideas put them in danger of a massive uprising.

What did southern states worry about a lot?

An attack on slavery

“South Carolina Exposition and Protest,”

• Drafted by VP Calhoun and laid out the nullification process 

What happens to Calhoun and Jackson?

They fall apart, and Calhoun is replaced when Jackson runs for reelection

What did South Carolina say they would do if a federal attempt to enforce the tariffs was put into action?

• They would succeed from the union

What did Jackson say about disuion by force?

• Treason 

What did Jackson want from Congress?

Ability to use armed forces to enforce tariffs

who was Margaret timber lake

• Lady accused of having an affair on her first husband with John Eaton, The secretary of state)

What happened to Margaret Timberlake?

• She was outcasted because of the rumors of her affair 

What was the 2nd bank of the United States designed to do?

Stabilize the growing american economy

Jackson states what about the bank?

• It was unconstitutional

supporters of Andrew Jackson had what lable?

• Democrats 

What was result of war on bank of America?

• Worsened economic problems rather than solved them 

The National Republicans

• Northeast 

• Core of the new anti-jackson movement 

Election of 1836 

• Democrat Martin Van Buren wins 

•  Whigs gained significant public support after the Panic of 1837, and they became increasingly well organized.

Election of 1840

• William Henry Harrison nominated as whig candidate 

• John tyler selected as Vice president 

• Although “Tippecanoe and Tyler Too” easily won the presidential election of 1840, this choice of ticket turned out to be disastrous for the Whigs.

What happens to Henry Harrison

• He gets pneumonia and dies

John tyler

• Becomes President 

• Adopted policies that looked far more like Andrew Jackson’s than like a Whig’s.

What happens to whigs?

• They only elect 1 more president

• Deeply divided 

• Its problems grew as the issue of slavery strained the Union in the 1850s.

• Unable to agree on a consistent national position on slavery, and unable to find another national issue to rally around, the Whigs broke apart by 1856.

What did the Rhode Island citizens protest about?

• Property Restrictions on Voting

What did the RI protest prove?

• Early on their were even restrictions on white men when voting 

What did Black philidephians (Robert Puvis)  protest?

• Black men had their right to vote revoked

• Race, rather than class, quickly became the most important social distinction in the United States.

What did Fredrick Douglas say about the 4th of July?

• independence is only celebrated by white people

• For a slave the 4th of July shows him how evil people are, and how unfair slavery is

• Slavery should be abolished