7/26/25 - General orientation (S.1.1) + Cardiovascular System (S.1.3)

Based on smart prep personalized plan + the notes I took on these sections

Identify the standard anatomical position:

Standing, feet together, arms at the side with head, eyes and palms facing forward.

Identify the anatomical planes: SAGITAL PLANE = __?__

Right & Left Division of the body

Identify the anatomical planes: FRONTAL PLANE = __?__

Anterior & Posterior Division of the body

Identify the anatomical planes: TRANSVERSE PLANE = __?__

Superior & Inferior Division of the body

Identify the anatomical regions: HEAD = __?__

Skull & Face

Identify the anatomical regions: NECK = __?__

Connection of head & trunk

Identify the anatomical regions: TRUNK = __?__

Thorax, Abdomen & Pelvis

Identify the anatomical regions: UPPER EXTREMITIES = __?__

Arm, Forearm, Wrist & Hand

Identify the anatomical regions:LOWER EXTREMITIES = __?__

Thigh, Legs, Ankles & Feet

Identify the anatomical directions: SUPERIOR = __?__

Toward the head or upper body

Identify the anatomical directions: INFERIOR = __?__

Away from head or lower body

Identify the anatomical directions: ANTERIOR = __?__

Front of the body

Identify the anatomical directions: POSTERIOR = __?__

Back of the body

Identify the anatomical directions: LATERAL = __?__

Away from midline of the body

Identify the anatomical directions: MEDIAL = __?__

Toward or at the midline of the body

Identify the Structures of the Cardiovascular System: What are the four chambers of the heart?

Left atrium, right atrium, left ventricle, right ventricle

Identify the Structures of the Cardiovascular System: Which chamber pumps blood to the lungs?

Right Ventricle

Identify the Structures of the Cardiovascular System: Which chamber receives oxygenated blood from the lungs?

Left Atrium

Identify the Structures of the Cardiovascular System: What node controls the primary heartbeat?

Sinoatrial Node (SA)

Identify the Structures of the Cardiovascular System: What node controls the secondary heartbeat?

Atrioventricular Node (AV)

Identify the Functions of the Cardiovascular System: What causes the “lub-dub” sound of the heart?

“Lub” = AV valves closing; “Dub” = semilunar valves closing.

Identify the Functions of the Cardiovascular System: What is the function of veins?

Veins carry blood back to the heart

Identify the Functions of the Cardiovascular System: What is the function of arteries?

Arteries carry blood away from the heart

Identify the Functions of the Cardiovascular System: What is the function of capillaries?

Capillaries carry out gas exchange & nutrients

Identify the Structures of the Blood: What do red blood cells contain and do?

Red blood cells contain hemoglobin & transport oxygen and CO₂

Identify the Structures of the Blood: What blood component helps with clotting?

Platelets

Identify the Structures of the Blood:What are the two main components of blood?

Plasma and formed elements

Identify the Structures of the Blood: What is plasma, and what does it contain?

Plasma is a yellow colored liquid that contains water, plasma protein and other nutrients.

Identify the Structures of the Blood: What are the three types of formed elements in blood?

Erythrocytes (RBC) , Leukocytes (WBC) & Platelets

Identify the Structures of the Blood:What is the function of leukocytes?

Leukocytes defend the body against disease and is apart of the bodys immune response

Identify the Flow of Blood Through the Cardiovascular System: Describe pulmonary circulation

Pumps deoxygenated blood from right ventricle to lungs; returns oxygenated blood to left atrium

Identify the Flow of Blood Through the Cardiovascular System: Describe systemic circulation.

Receives oxygenated blood from left ventricle to body; returns deoxygenated blood to right atrium.

Cardiovascular Bonus Question: What does the lymphatic system do?

Drains fluid, filters it through lymph nodes, and supports immune surveillance.