7/26/25 - General orientation (S.1.1) + Cardiovascular System (S.1.3)

Based on smart prep personalized plan + the notes I took on these sections

Identify the standard anatomical position:

Standing, feet together, arms at the side with head, eyes and palms facing forward.

Identify the anatomical planes: SAGITAL PLANE = __?__

Right & Left Division of the body

Identify the anatomical planes: FRONTAL PLANE = __?__

Anterior & Posterior Division of the body

Identify the anatomical planes: TRANSVERSE PLANE = __?__

Superior & Inferior Division of the body

Identify the anatomical regions: HEAD = __?__

Skull & Face

Identify the anatomical regions: NECK = __?__

Connection of head & trunk

Identify the anatomical regions: TRUNK = __?__

Thorax, Abdomen & Pelvis

Identify the anatomical regions: UPPER EXTREMITIES = __?__

Arm, Forearm, Wrist & Hand

Identify the anatomical regions:LOWER EXTREMITIES = __?__

Thigh, Legs, Ankles & Feet

Identify the anatomical directions: SUPERIOR = __?__

Toward the head or upper body

Identify the anatomical directions: INFERIOR = __?__

Away from head or lower body

Identify the anatomical directions: ANTERIOR = __?__

Front of the body

Identify the anatomical directions: POSTERIOR = __?__

Back of the body

Identify the anatomical directions: LATERAL = __?__

Away from midline of the body

Identify the anatomical directions: MEDIAL = __?__

Toward or at the midline of the body

Identify the Structures of the Cardiovascular System: What are the four chambers of the heart?

Left atrium, right atrium, left ventricle, right ventricle

Identify the Structures of the Cardiovascular System: Which chamber pumps blood to the lungs?

Right Ventricle

Identify the Structures of the Cardiovascular System: Which chamber receives oxygenated blood from the lungs?

Left Atrium

Identify the Structures of the Cardiovascular System: What node controls the primary heartbeat?

Sinoatrial Node (SA)

Identify the Structures of the Cardiovascular System: What node controls the secondary heartbeat?

Atrioventricular Node (AV)

Identify the Functions of the Cardiovascular System: What causes the “lub-dub” sound of the heart?

“Lub” = AV valves closing; “Dub” = semilunar valves closing.

Identify the Functions of the Cardiovascular System: What is the function of veins?

Veins carry blood back to the heart

Identify the Functions of the Cardiovascular System: What is the function of arteries?

Arteries carry blood away from the heart

Identify the Functions of the Cardiovascular System: What is the function of capillaries?

Capillaries carry out gas exchange & nutrients

Identify the Structures of the Blood: What do red blood cells contain and do?

Red blood cells contain hemoglobin & transport oxygen and CO₂

Identify the Structures of the Blood: What blood component helps with clotting?

Platelets

Identify the Structures of the Blood:What are the two main components of blood?

Plasma and formed elements

Identify the Structures of the Blood: What is plasma, and what does it contain?

Plasma is a yellow colored liquid that contains water, plasma protein and other nutrients.

Identify the Structures of the Blood: What are the three types of formed elements in blood?

Erythrocytes (RBC) , Leukocytes (WBC) & Platelets

Identify the Structures of the Blood:What is the function of leukocytes?

Leukocytes defend the body against disease and is apart of the bodys immune response

Identify the Flow of Blood Through the Cardiovascular System: Describe pulmonary circulation

Pumps deoxygenated blood from right ventricle to lungs; returns oxygenated blood to left atrium

Identify the Flow of Blood Through the Cardiovascular System: Describe systemic circulation.

Receives oxygenated blood from left ventricle to body; returns deoxygenated blood to right atrium.

Cardiovascular Bonus Question: What does the lymphatic system do?

Drains fluid, filters it through lymph nodes, and supports immune surveillance.

BONUS QUESTION FROM END OF LESSON QUIZ : The erythrocytes of the blood do which of the following?

Transport oxygen and some CO₂

BONUS QUESTION FROM END OF LESSON QUIZ : Which of the following vessels carry deoxygenated blood?

Pulmonary arteries and vena cava

BONUS QUESTION FROM END OF LESSON QUIZ : The arteries are thicker and more elastic than the veins because of which of the following?

Arteries are under greater pressure

BONUS QUESTION FROM END OF LESSON QUIZ : A blood pressure might read 120/70 mm Hg. Which of the following is the higher number called, and what does it signify that the heart is doing?

It is called systole, and is the phase when the heart is contracting

BONUS QUESTION FROM END OF LESSON QUIZ : Which of the following is not a function of the lymphatic tissue?

Proliferation of erythrocytes

BONUS QUESTION FROM END OF LESSON QUIZ : Which of the following terms is used to refer to the anatomic plane that divides the body into left and right portions?

Sagittal plane

BONUS QUESTION FROM END OF LESSON QUIZ : Which of the following anatomical terms is correctly matched to its position?

Umbilicus / anterior

BONUS QUESTION FROM END OF LESSON QUIZ : Which of the following statements are true?

The toes are anterior to the foot

BONUS QUESTION FROM END OF LESSON QUIZ : Which of the following statements are true?

The brachium is proximal to the antebrachium

BONUS QUESTION FROM END OF LESSON QUIZ : Which of the following is located on the anterior region of the human body?

Patella

BONUS QUESTION FROM END OF LESSON QUIZ : Which of the following pairs of common anatomical terms is mismatched?

Inguinal / foot