georgia constitution
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88 Terms
When was Georgia's first constitution adopted?
1777
Why was Georgia's first constitution created?
To replace British colonial government after independence.
What was the main purpose of the first Georgia Constitution?
To establish Georgia's independent state government.
Which branch had the most power under the first Georgia Constitution?
The legislature (General Assembly).
Why was the governor given limited power?
Georgians feared strong executive authority after British rule.
Why was the Georgia Constitution of 1861 written?
Georgia had seceded and joined the Confederacy.
What did the Georgia Constitution of 1861 support?
The Confederacy and slavery.
How is the 1861 Constitution related to the Civil War?
It aligned Georgia with the Confederate States.
Why was the Georgia Constitution of 1865 written?
The Civil War ended and Georgia sought to rejoin the Union.
What major change did the Georgia Constitution of 1865 make?
It abolished slavery.
How is the 1865 Constitution related to Reconstruction?
It was Georgia's first Reconstruction constitution.
Why was the Georgia Constitution of 1877 written?
Reconstruction ended and Democrats regained control.
What was the main goal of the 1877 Constitution?
Limit state government power.
How is the 1877 Constitution related to Reconstruction?
It marked the end of Reconstruction in Georgia.
What is a poll tax?
A fee required before someone could vote.
Why were poll taxes important in Georgia history?
They restricted voting, especially for African Americans and poor citizens.
What was the Literacy Test Amendment of 1908?
A voting requirement that required literacy before voting.
Who was most affected by literacy tests?
African Americans and poor voters.
Why were literacy tests used?
To reduce voting by certain groups.
How did earlier Georgia constitutions treat public schools?
They supported segregated schools.
Who was Eugene Talmadge?
Governor of Georgia.
What was the SACS controversy?
Talmadge interfered with Georgia's universities, threatening accreditation.
What organization threatened Georgia colleges' accreditation?
Southern Association of Colleges and Schools (SACS).
Why was the SACS controversy important?
It led to constitutional reforms limiting political interference.
Who was Ellis Arnall?
Governor who modernized Georgia.
What major voting reform is Ellis Arnall known for?
Lowering Georgia's voting age to 18.
What important jury reform occurred in Georgia?
Women gained the right to serve on juries.
What was the Three Governors Controversy?
Three people claimed to be Georgia's governor in 1947.
Why did the Three Governors Controversy matter?
It exposed weaknesses in Georgia's constitution.
Who led the effort to rewrite Georgia's constitution?
Governor George Busbee.
Why did George Busbee want a new constitution?
The old constitution was too long and outdated.
When was the Georgia Constitution of 1983 ratified?
1982.
When did the Georgia Constitution of 1983 take effect?
July 1, 1983.
What is the current Georgia Constitution?
The Georgia Constitution of 1983.
What does ratification mean?
Official approval by voters.
What does the Georgia Constitution say about voting rights?
Qualified citizens have the right to vote.
What is the Equal Protection Clause?
Everyone must receive equal treatment under Georgia law.
Why is the Equal Protection Clause important?
It protects people from discrimination by state government.
What does the Georgia Bill of Rights protect?
Individual rights and freedoms.
Name rights protected by the Georgia Bill of Rights.
Speech, religion, press, assembly, due process, jury trial, equal protection.
What is due process?
Fair legal procedures before government action.
When was the Georgia Lottery created?
1992.
What funds the HOPE Scholarship?
Georgia Lottery proceeds.
When was the HOPE Scholarship created?
1993.
What is the purpose of the HOPE Scholarship?
Help Georgia students pay for college.
Besides HOPE, what else does the lottery fund?
Georgia Pre-K.
What is Georgia's legislature called?
Georgia General Assembly.
How many chambers are in the General Assembly?
Two.
What are the two chambers?
Senate and House of Representatives.
How many senators are there?
56.
How many representatives are there?
180.
How many legislative days does the General Assembly meet each year?
40 legislative days.
Who can call a special legislative session?
The governor.
What are the main powers of the General Assembly?
Make laws, pass the budget, levy taxes, propose constitutional amendments.
Who is the head of Georgia's executive branch?
The governor.
What are the governor's major powers?
Enforce laws, sign or veto bills, appoint officials, propose the budget, call special sessions.
Who commands Georgia's National Guard?
The governor.
What is Georgia's highest court?
Georgia Supreme Court.
What is the main job of the Georgia Supreme Court?
Interpret the Georgia Constitution.
What kinds of cases does the Georgia Supreme Court hear?
Major appeals and constitutional questions.
Who governs Georgia's public colleges and universities?
Board of Regents.
What does the Board of Regents do?
Oversees Georgia's public universities.
Who appoints members of the Board of Regents?
The governor.
Who confirms Board of Regents members?
Georgia Senate.
1777
First Georgia Constitution
1861
Confederacy
1865
Slavery abolished
1877
End of Reconstruction
1908
Literacy test
1941–42
SACS controversy
1947
Three Governors Controversy
1983
Current Georgia Constitution
George Busbee
Rewrote Constitution
George Busbee
Simpler & Modern Constitution
Ellis Arnall
Modernized Georgia
Eugene Talmadge
SACS controversy
Poll tax
Pay to vote
Literacy test
Read to vote
Equal Protection
Equal treatment
HOPE
Lottery-funded scholarship
Lottery
Education funding
General Assembly
Legislature
56
Georgia Senators
180
Georgia Representatives
40 days
Legislative session
Governor
Executive branch
Supreme Court
Highest state court
Board of Regents
Public universities