Chemistry Chapter 5 - The Periodic Table

Which letter is the carbon family?

E

Which letter is the alkaline earth metals?

B

Which letter is the inner transition metals?

J

Which letter is the halogens? 

H

Which letter is the d-block elements?

C

Which letter is the oxygen group?

G

Which letter is the alkaline metals?

A

Which letter is the f-block elements?

J

Which letter is the noble gases?

I

Which letter is the p-block elements?

K

Which letter is the nitrogen family? 

F

Which letter is the s-block elements?

M

Which letter is the transition metals?

C

Which letter is the group of one sentimental and four metals? 

D

What is an organized way to display the elements

The Periodic Table

How many elements were known in Early Chemistry

Early on in Chemistry only about 30 elements were known. These were easy to remember.

What scientist found that elements could be grouped

Dobereiner found that elements could be grouped.

What did Newland observe

Newland- observed that if elements were arranged in increasing atomic mass, the properties of every eighth element were the similar as the first.

What did Mendeleev do with the periodic table

Mendeleev- assembled elements on cards by increasing atomic mass.

What is Mendeleev known as

The father of the periodic table

Elements in the same _______ had ______ properties.

column; similar

How many elements are naturally occurring

92

What was wrong with Mendeleev's P.T.?

Mendeleev organized his by atomic mass instead of the correct way (atomic number)

Mendeleev broke the pattern sometimes in order....

Mendeleev broke the pattern sometimes in order to keep elements with similar properties in the same column.

Did Mendeleev give names to some of the empty slots in the Periodic Table

   Yes, Mendeleev also gave names to some of the "holes" in the P. T..

What is the Periodic Law?

When elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number, their physical and chemical properties show a periodic pattern.

Groups/families are found where on the periodic table

Vertical columns
Groups are labeled 1A-8A and 1B-8B

Where are periods found on the periodic table

Periods- Horizontal rows

Name for Group 1 or 1A

- Alkali Metals

Name for Group 2 or 2A

- Alkaline Earth Metals

Name for Group 17 or 7A

- Halogens

Name for Group 18 or 8A

Noble gas

Do metals lose or gain electrons

loses electrons (become + cations)

What is a physical characteristic of Metals (3)

1- have luster/shine,
2- malleable
3- ductile

Are metals conductive and if so what do the conduct?

conduct electricity and heat

At room temperature medals are usually ____

are usually solid at room temperature

Where are the metals found on the periodic table

found on the left side of the PT

Do Nonmetals gain or lose electrons

gain

are nonmetals shiny or dull?

Do not have luster/dull

Are nonmetals good conductors of heat and electricity?

Poor conductors of heat and electricity

Are nonmetals malleable or ductile

Not malleable or ductile

What do nonmetals look like at room temperature

Either gases (mostly), liquids, or solids at room temp.

Where are nonmetals located on the periodic table?

Found on the upper right hand side of the PT

What is another name for semimetals

Also known as a metalloid

What category does semi metals fall under

Don't fit well in the metal or nonmetal category

What properties does semi metals have

Share properties of both metals and nonmetals.

What are Valence electrons

Electrons that are on the outermost shell.

What is responsible for an atoms chemical behavior

valance electrons

What group does valance electrons concern themselves with

Only concerned about the "A" group elements. (This means only 1A, 2A, 7A, 8A) Most likely because they are the easiet to have a full shell

What Tells where the electrons are at in the subshell.

s,p,d,f-blocks

What is atomic radius

Atomic radius- distance from the center of an atom's nucleus to the outermost electron.

Atoms get larger going down a group. Why?

When you go down a column it adds rings, this adds to the mass of the atom

Atoms get smaller going from left to right. Why?

as you move across, the number of protons in the nucleus increases, which creates a stronger positive charge that pulls the electrons closer to the nucleus, effectively shrinking the atom's size

Ionization Energy

Defined as the energy needed to remove an electron from it's outershell.

Do all atoms want to give electrons

Some atoms will readily give up electrons and some will not.

If you want to remove a second electron, it requires ___ energy.

more

What is Electron Affinity/ Electronegativity

A measure of an atom's attraction for an extra electron.

Which element is the most electronegative?

Fluorine

Which element is the Least electronegative?

Francium

What is the goal for atoms

Goal for atom's is to have a full valence shell.

What are the trends in the periodic table

electronegativity, ionization energy, electron affinity, atomic radius, melting point, and metallic character