Animal and plant cells

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Last updated 12:02 PM on 5/4/26
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14 Terms

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Cell

The smallest unit of life, forming the building blocks for all organisms.

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Microscope

A tool used to see small cells that are not visible to the naked eye.

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Unicellular organisms

Organisms made of only one cell eg. bacteria

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Multicellular organisms

Organisms made from millions or billions of cells eg. trees and blue whales

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Specialised cells

Cells that have different functions within multicellular organisms.

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Nucleus

The component of a cell that contains genetic material (DNA) and controls the cell’s activities.

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Cytoplasm

The liquid part of the cell in which chemical reactions occur, primarily made of water.

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Cell membrane

A flexible outer layer that surrounds the cell, controlling the movement of substances in and out.

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Mitochondria

Cell structures where energy is released from glucose during respiration.

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Cell wall

A tough outer layer in plant cells that provides strength and support, made of cellulose.

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Vacuole

A space inside a plant cell that contains cell sap, keeping the cell firm.

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Chloroplasts

Structures in plant cells that contain chlorophyll and where photosynthesis occurs.

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What makes up an animal cell?

Each component in the animal cell has a particular function. Animal cells often have an irregular shape.

The four key components of most animal cells are:

  • Nucleus - this contains the genetic material (DNA) of the organism and controls the cell’s activities.

  • Cytoplasm - the liquid that makes up most of the cell in which chemical reactions happen. This is mainly water.

  • Cell membrane - a flexible outer layer that surrounds the cell and controls which substances can pass into and out from it.

  • Mitochondria - tiny parts of cells floating in the cytoplasm where energy is released from glucose from food. The mitochondria, found in the cell cytoplasm, are where most respiration happens.

<p>Each component in the animal cell has a particular function. Animal cells often have an irregular shape.</p><p></p><p>The four key components of most animal cells are:</p><ul><li><p><strong>Nucleus</strong> - this contains the genetic material (DNA) of the organism and controls the cell’s activities.</p></li><li><p><strong>Cytoplasm</strong> - the liquid that makes up most of the cell in which chemical reactions happen. This is mainly water.</p></li><li><p><strong>Cell membrane</strong> - a flexible outer layer that surrounds the cell and controls which substances can pass into and out from it.</p></li><li><p><strong>Mitochondria</strong> - tiny parts of cells floating in the cytoplasm where energy is released from glucose from food. The mitochondria, found in the cell cytoplasm, are where most <span style="line-height: inherit; font-size: inherit;">respiration</span> happens.</p></li></ul><p></p>
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What makes up a plant cell?

Plant cells often have a regular shape. They have the same cell components as animal cells: a nucleus, cell membrane, cytoplasm and mitochondria.

They also have these extra three as well:

  • Cell wall: a tough outer layer of the cell, which contains cellulose to provide strength and support to the plant.

  • Vacuole: a space inside the cytoplasm that contains a watery liquid called cell sap. It keeps the cell firm.

  • Chloroplasts: structures found in the cells of green parts of plants only (leaves and stems) which contain a green pigment called chlorophyll in which photosynthesis occurs.

<p>Plant cells often have a regular shape. They have the same cell components as animal cells: a <strong>nucleus,</strong> <strong>cell membrane,</strong> <strong>cytoplasm</strong> and <strong>mitochondria.</strong></p><p></p><p>They also have these extra three as well:</p><ul><li><p><strong>Cell wall</strong>: a tough outer layer of the cell, which contains cellulose to provide strength and support to the plant.</p></li><li><p><strong>Vacuole</strong>: a space inside the cytoplasm that contains a watery liquid called cell sap. It keeps the cell firm.</p></li><li><p><strong>Chloroplasts</strong>: structures found in the cells of green parts of plants only (leaves and stems) which contain a green pigment called chlorophyll in which <span style="line-height: inherit; font-size: inherit;">photosynthesis</span> occurs.</p></li></ul><p></p>