Chapter 6 & Chapter 9 Review

Lipids and Energy Metabolism

Lipid Family

Triglycerides, Phospholipids, Sterols

Esterification

The process by which glycerol reacts with fatty acids to form triglycerides

Re-esterification

The process where free fatty acids are recombined with glycerol to regenerate triglycerides

Free Fatty Acid

A type of fatty acid that is not attached to other molecules

Long Chain Bond

12 or more

Medium Chain Bond

6 to 12

Short Chain Bond

Less than 6

Saturated Fatty Acid

No carbon-carbon double bond

Monounsaturated

One carbon-carbon double bond

Polyunsaturated

At least 2 carbon-carbon double bond

Omega 3 & Omega 6 Fatty Acids

Alpha linolenic and linoleic acid (ESSENTIAL)

Fat Replacements

Salatrim, Gums

What are triglycerides? (Main storage form of energy!)

Provide Energy, Energy dense, Transport nutrients, Staple

Fat-solube Vitamins

A, E, D, K

Phospholipid (Synthesized by diet, or body)

1 fatty acid replaced with phosphate molecule

Sterol Formation

Multi-ringed structure

Cholesterol

Makes sex hormones, bile, forms cell membrane

Lipoprotein

Transports fats & proteins

Chylomicrons

Packets of fat molecules lipoprotein carry in the blood to the liver

Micelle

The shell around lipids

Cytochromes

Transport protons in electron transport chain producing H2O

Carnitine

Carrier of fatty acids in beta-oxidation

Lipolysis

Breaks triglycerides into glycerol & fatty acids

Fatty Acid Oxidation

From lipolysis, glycerol and fatty acids enter citric acid cycle