Topic 5- Integumentary System Flashcards

Flashcards covering the key vocabulary and concepts from the Integumentary System lecture notes.

Integumentary System

Skin. Considered an organ, largest organ of the human body. Primary Functions: Protection, Temperature Regulation, Sensation, Excretion, Synthesizes Vitamin D.

Epidermis

Thin, outer layer of skin. Stratified squamous epithelium. Consists of 5 layers: Stratum Corneum, Stratum Lucidum, Stratum Granulosum, Stratum Spinosum, Stratum Germinativum (Basale).

Dermis

"True skin." Dense fibrous tissue packed with collagen and elastin. 2 Layers: Papillary Layer (superficial) and Reticular Layer (deeper).

Hypodermis (Subcutaneous Layer)

Under the dermis and connects the skin to underlying structures of the body. Composed of loose connective tissue and adipose tissue.

Stratum Basale

Deepest layer of the epidermis. Rich blood supply. Continuously dividing. Melanocytes produce melanin.

Stratum Spinosum

Made of active keratinocytes. Melanin protects keratinocytes from UV light and regulates Vitamin D production.

Stratum Granulosum

Dead keratinized cells are more superficial and deeper cells are alive. Contains keratin and a lipid-based substance which provides water resistance.

Stratum Lucidum

Made up of a single layer of translucent dead keratinized cells. Only found in palm of hand and plantar surface of the feet.

Stratum Corneum

Surface layer of epidermis. Made up of multiple layers of dead keratinized cells.

Papillary Layer

Superficial layer of the dermis. Variations in elevation of this layer create epidermal ridges = fingerprints.

Reticular Layer

Deeper layer of the dermis. Has the nerve endings for pain sensation.

Regeneration (Skin Repair)

Skin is healed with the same tissue and normal function is returned.

Fibrosis (Skin Repair)

Skin is healed with scar tissue and normal function is not returned.

Arrector Pili muscles

Smooth muscle that contracts and makes hair “stand up” or give “goosebumps”

Alopecia

Partial or complete lack of hair

Apocrine Sweat Glands

Located around hair follicles in armpit and anogenital region. Become active during adolescence. Lead to “BO” with increased activity.

Eccrine Sweat Glands

More numerous sweat glands. Important for temperature regulation.

Sebaceous Glands

"Oil glands" that grow where the hair grows. Lubricates and waterproofs the skin. Blocked = pimple.

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Slow growing, malignant tumor of epithelial cells that metastasizes if untreated.

Basal Cell Carcinoma

Most common type of skin cancer. Less likely to metastasize.

Melanoma

Most serious form of skin cancer. Usually develops from a dark pigmented mole and spreads. Use “ABCDE” rule.

Rule of Nines

Used to determine the extent of the burn injury in adults. Body is divided into 11 areas of 9% each, plus genitals being 1%.

1st Degree Burn

Partial thickness burn. Red, minimal pain. Minimal destruction. Example: Sunburn

2nd Degree Burn

Partial thickness burn. Red, painful, edema, and swelling. Blistering. Involves deep epidermal layer.

3rd Degree Burn

Full thickness burn. Complete destruction of the epidermis and dermis. No pain, as sensory receptors are destroyed. Great risk of infection.

4th Degree Burn

Full thickness burn that extends below the subcutaneous tissue to reach muscle or bone. Treatment: Skin grafts, amputation if needed.