Unit 2: DNA, RNA & Protein Synthesis

Flashcards covering key concepts from Unit 2 on DNA, RNA, and Protein Synthesis.

What is the shape of DNA?

Double helix.

What are the base-pairing rules in DNA?

A pairs with T, and C pairs with G.

What is the primary function of DNA?

DNA stores genetic information.

What do genes code for?

Genes code for proteins.

What do chromosomes contain?

Chromosomes contain DNA.

What determines an organism's traits?

DNA determines traits.

What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

mRNA carries instructions to ribosomes.

Which nitrogenous base is used in RNA instead of thymine?

Uracil.

What is the first step of protein synthesis?

Transcription (DNA → mRNA).

Where does transcription occur?

Transcription occurs in the nucleus.

What is translation in protein synthesis?

Translation is the process of assembling amino acids into proteins using mRNA.

Where does translation occur?

Translation occurs in the ribosome.

What is the function of codons in the process of translation?

Codons are used to assemble amino acids.

What are the types of mutations?

Substitution, insertion, deletion.

How can mutations affect proteins?

Mutations can change the amino acid sequence and affect protein structure & function.

What is the difference between normal and mutated sequences?

Normal sequences have the original amino acid sequence, while mutated sequences have a changed amino acid sequence.