Biology: Page 3

Flashcards based on lecture notes about biology.

Define biodiversity.

Biodiversity is the variety of living organisms in a given area.

What are invasive species?

Invasive species are species that have been introduced to areas outside their native range and cause harm.

What are the various impacts that humans can have on the environment?

Climate Change, Rising Sea Levels, Coral Bleaching, Forest Fires, Heat Waves, Invasive Species, Food & Water Shortages, Severe Weather Occurrences.

What is the difference between a compound light microscope, transmission electron microscope, and dissection microscope?

Compound Light: Living or dead specimens, limited magnification, viewed in color. Transmission Electron: Non-living specimens, black and white, high magnification, high-quality images. Dissection: Living or dead specimens, low magnification, light from multiple sources, good for 3D views.

What is the difference between a course adjustment and fine adjustment on a compound microscope?

Course Adjustment: Moves the stage up and down and is used with low lenses. Fine Adjustment: Fine-tunes focus and is used with all lenses.

What are the different types of objective lenses on a compound light microscope?

Low Power (4x), Medium Power (10x), High Power (40x or more).

What are the three principles of cell theory?

All organisms are either unicellular or multicellular. All life functions of an organism happen within cells. All cells originate from pre-existing cells.

List and describe the function of the Nucleus.

Contains DNA and controls the cell's activities.

List and describe the function of the Cytoplasm.

Supports and contains the cell's organelles.

List and describe the function of the Centrioles.

Make spindle fibers for cell division.

List and describe the function of the Smooth ER.

Creates, stores, and transports lipids/carbohydrates.

List and describe the function of the Rough ER.

Studded with ribosomes to produce cell proteins.

List and describe the function of the Cell Membrane.

Controls what can enter and exit the cell.

List and describe the function of the Mitochondria.

Where ATP is synthesized for aerobic respiration.

List and describe the function of the Lysosome.

Contains digestive enzymes to break down worn-out organelles.

List and describe the function of the Golgi Body.

Modifies proteins from RER and lipids from SER, to prepare them to leave cell.

List and describe the function of the Ribosome.

Where proteins are produced.