APUSH UNIT 2 FLASHCARDS

Key terms, events and ideas

Pope’s Rebellion 1680

A rebellion that occurred on the fringe of New Spain territory near Texas. Pope killed around 400 Spaniards and the rest of them ran. 12 years passed and then the Spanish returned and wiped them out.

Metacom’s War 1675

Originally there were peaceful relations between settlers and Natives. The colonists were angry at the Wampanoags for trespassing on their land and thus hung 3. A war followed and the colonists were victorious with the help of the Iroquios Tribe.

Great Awakening 1730s-40s

Religious fervor had been waning for a while, this stopped after preachers from England traveled to the Americas and told people to repent which began a religious revival.

Navigation Acts 1651

A bunch of colonial taxes, duties and tariffs that began the American past time of smuggling. 

Additional Dates:

• 1660

• 1663

• 1673

• 1696

• 1733

Triangular Trade

This was a trading situation where Britain enriched itself through trading with two other parts of the world.

America sent raw goods to Europe, which sent processed goods to Africa, which sold slaves to back to America.

Salutary Neglect

This was a policy of leaving colonies alone to grow itself through trade. There was independent government that when it is taken away angers the colonists.

Southern Colonies

These colonies were agriculturally based made up of few English settlers and many African slaves. These slaves worked on elite plantations growing cash crops such as indigo, tobacco or rice.

Chesapeake Colonies

These colonies were agricultural and rural but had fewer plantations than the south as the ground was less suited for mass profit. There were opportunities for cash crops such a as tobacco and indentured servitude transitioned to slavery here.

Middle Colonies

These colonies were primarily proprietary colonies such as Pennsylvania. They were diverse and known for their religious tolerance. There were not many cash crops as the land was suited for the growth of cereal crops.

Roger Williams

This man was uncomfortable with taking Native land and then moved to Rhode Island to establish the first of the new “Baptists churches.” He argued for the separation of church and state.

Anne Hutchinson

This woman was known for her Bible studies teaching other women about the Bible. She was forced into New Amsterdam(New York) which was much more religiously tolerant. She was killed in 1643 by a Native American attack.

Puritans(Pilgrims)

This group of people immigrated to America for religious freedom(not tolerance) and were led by the minister John Winthrop. They were all about conformity and that church membership = political rights.

Percent of Christianity Branches in 13 Colonies

Roman Catholic: 50%

Protestant: 38%

Orthodox: 12%

New England Colonies

These colonies were mostly made up of small towns, farms and families and focused on agriculture and commerce. These colonies were the first to be industrialized!

Indentured Servitude

This was the practice of sponsoring a person from Britain or Africa to come to the New world and work for the sponsor for 5-7 years for free. After the end of the contract you were a free man! If you were brought across as a slave then you were not free.

Headwright System

This was a system where for each person or slave someone sponsors to the new world you were granted 50 acres of land in return. This was big win for elites!

Virginia Company

This was a company who in 1606 was the first charter colony in the New World for Britain. They established the city of Jamestown.

Why Do We Care About Jamestown?

1. hard to get people to America

2. tobacco 1614 huge cash crop

3. general assembly 1619 was a democracy

4. initial cooperation with Natives

5. forced slave labor in 1619

Propietary Colonies

This was a type of colony where governance was granted to one person.

Pennsylvania: William Penn

Nathaniel Bacon

This man was an immigrant who was also a large planter. He was angry with his lot and wanted more. He protested and encouraged his fellow countrymen to rise up with him.

William Berkley

He was a British appointed governor viewed as corrupt. He wanted peace with the Native Americans and was eventually overthrown and run out of his city of Jamestown.

Constitutional Monarchy

The British form of governance for the mainland. This was a system where a group of parliament made rules that the king had to obey.

Bacon’s Rebellion 1676

This event occurred when a frontiersman attacked and burned Jamestown and chased out the governor. The leader of the attack later died of dysentery.

Barbados Slave Codes 1661

These documents outlined the rules for slaves and how they were to be treated, specifically like “chattel.” They had no rights and counted as free labor and sponsorships for the Headwright System.

Charter Colonies

These colonies had the right of self governance after they were given a specific document signed by the king that allowed them to operate under the country’s protection.

Joint-Stock Companies

These companies were made up of a group of entrepreneurs where all the risks and rewards were shared. These companies often sponsored colonies.

King George III

This figure was the “great villain” of the colonies and was indeed corrupt but was not the mind behind many of the decisions that led to the Revolution.

Englightenment 1700s-1800s

Originating in Europe, this era stated that reason is the best form of argument and that people had the right to rebel. This influenced American Political thought greatly through Transatlantic Print Culture.

Stono Rebellion 1739

This rebellion occurred at the hands of enslavers as their slaves rose up and fled to Spanish held Florida where they would be free. They killed 20 whites but were eventually captured and hung.

Radical Whigs

This political party warned against the perceived corruption of King George III. Their writings were read by Americans through Transatlantic Print Culture.

Royal Colonies

This type of colony was ruled solely by the crown and the governor and other government processes were appointed by the king.

Transatlantic Print Culture

This term originated in Europe as many writings and pamphlets made their way into America. Printing in America had a big influence on its history and led to the freedom of speech outlined in the constitution.

Importance of Colonial Religion

This was an important theme in US History and led to the freedom of religion. This is where we can see the dissenters in the colonies leading to new amendments.

Mercantilism

This was a system of commerce utilized by the British to control their colonies and extract as much mineral wealth from the colonies as possible. This sought to eliminate trade imbalance and asserted the country’s control over its colonies.

Republicanism

This was a system of government where it was governed by the people for the people. This relied on the responsibility of citizens to act with virtue and limiting the government with rules. This sought to avoid tyranny and promote accountability with equality and political authority.

Albany Congress 1754

This was a meeting of the colonies to discuss the French threat and sought to ally with the Mohawk and Iroquois Indians. Benjamin Franklin supported this and even drew a cartoon about it.

Colonial Pattern

• Friendly relations

• conflict over land or culture

• violence on both sides

• treaty established (w/ concessions)

• treaty ignored

Jean Jacque Rousseau

• This man wrote Social Contract 1762

• people were naturally good then bad after society arose

• government should be ruled by people

• everyone is sovereign

John Locke

• wrote Two Treatises of Government 1689

• society is respectful but unstable

• the people choose and are sovereign

• people can rebel

Thomas Hobbes

• wrote Leviathan 1651

• state of nature is bad

• the sovereign ruler derives power from people

• sovereign ruler maintains order forever