Studied by 3 people
Ethos
An appeal to ethics, where the writer persuades the audience by establishing credibility or trustworthiness.
Pathos
An appeal to emotions, aiming to elicit feelings such as pity or sorrow from the audience.
Logos
An appeal to logic and reason, using facts, statistics, and logical arguments to persuade the audience.
Evidence
Information used to support and strengthen an argument, including anecdotal, expert opinion, and statistical evidence.
Expert opinion
Quoting authorities in a field to enhance the credibility of the writer's position.
Statistical evidence
Using numerical data to strengthen an argument, though statistics must come from reliable sources.
Anecdotal evidence
Personal stories or real-life examples used to support a claim.
Syntax
The arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences, affecting the readability of a text.
Repetition
The deliberate use of the same word or phrase multiple times for emphasis.
Cumulation
The use of several similar words in close proximity to add weight to an idea.
Alliteration
The repetition of the initial consonant sound in a series of words to create a rhythmic effect.
Anaphora
The repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive sentences or clauses.
Epistrophe
The repetition of a word or phrase at the end of successive sentences or clauses.
Parallelism
The use of similar structures in two or more phrases or clauses, contributing to balance and rhythm.
Understatement
A rhetorical device where a writer deliberately minimizes a fact or situation, often for ironic effect.
Expletive
A figure of emphasis that involves a single word or short phrase interrupting the normal flow of speech.
Invective
A verbal attack or denunciation using strong, abusive language.
Tone
The attitude or emotional quality of a piece of writing, reflected in the author's choice of words.
Colloquial Language
Informal language, often specific to a region or culture, used to convey a sense of familiarity or informality.
Inclusive Language
Language that addresses the audience directly and includes them within a shared group to create connection.
Diction
The choice and use of words and phrases in writing, which conveys character and tone.
Connotation
The implied or suggested meaning of a word, beyond its literal definition.
Denotation
The literal or primary meaning of a word that is found in a dictionary.
Euphemism
A mild or indirect word or expression used to replace one that may be considered harsh or unpleasant.
Lexical Cluster
A group of words related in meaning or context, often used to convey a particular idea.
Ambiguity
The quality of being open to more than one interpretation; in writing, it can be intentional or unintentional.
Analogy
A comparison made to show how two things are similar in certain aspects, often to clarify an idea.
Hyperbole
Exaggeration used for emphasis or effect, often in a humorous context.
Imagery
Language that evokes sensory experiences through descriptions that appeal to the senses.
Metaphor
A figure of speech that makes a comparison between two unrelated things by stating one is the other.
Metonymy
A figure of speech where the name of one thing is used to refer to something closely associated with it.
Symbolism
The use of symbols to represent ideas or qualities in literature.
Synecdoche
A figure of speech in which a part is used to represent the whole or vice versa.
Concession
Acknowledging a point made by the opposing side in an argument to enhance credibility.
Appeal to Authority
Citing a credible source or authority in support of an argument.
Facts
Statements that can be proven true or false, often used to support arguments.
Rhetorical Question
A question asked for effect, where the answer is implied and not actually required.
Irony
A literary device where the intended meaning is different from the actual meaning or outcome.
Testimonial
Using the opinion or experience of a person, often an expert, to support an argument.
Bandwagon
A persuasive technique that suggests that something is true or good because it is popular.
Name Calling
A tactic that involves attacking an opponent's character instead of addressing their argument.
Card Stacking
Presenting only facts supporting one side of an argument while ignoring the other side.
Hypophora
A rhetorical device where the speaker poses a question and immediately answers it.
Chiasmus
A rhetorical device in which successive phrases or clauses are reversed in structure.
Antithesis
The juxtaposition of contrasting ideas in balanced phrases.
Asyndeton
A writing style that omits conjunctions between phrases in a series.
Polysyndeton
The use of multiple conjunctions in close succession for rhetorical effect.
Juxtaposition
The placement of two contrasting elements near each other to highlight differences.
Tricolon
A rhetorical term for a series of three parallel words, phrases, or clauses.
Allegory
A narrative in which characters and events represent abstract ideas or concepts.
Alliteration
The repetition of initial consonant sounds in a series of words.
Antagonist
A character or force in conflict with the main character in a story.
Aside
A remark by a character in a play that is intended to be heard by the audience but not by other characters.
Assonance
The repetition of similar vowel sounds within a sentence or phrase.
Catastrophe
The final action in a tragedy that leads to the resolution or denouement.
Catharsis
The emotional release experienced by the audience at the end of a tragic drama.
Character
An individual in a literary work, who may be major or minor, static or dynamic.
Characterization
The methods used by a writer to create and develop a character.
Chorus
A group that comments on the action in a play, often without participating in it.
Climax
The point of greatest intensity in a story or play, where the main conflict reaches its peak.
Comedy
A type of drama that is humorous and often has a happy ending.
Comic relief
A humorous scene or passage in a serious work to provide a break from the tension.
Complication
An intensifying of the conflict in a story or play.
Conflict
A struggle between opposing forces, which drives the plot of a story.
Denotation
The literal meaning of a word, without any emotional association.
Denouement
The resolution or conclusion of a literary work after the climax.
Deus ex machina
A plot device where a seemingly unsolvable problem is suddenly resolved by an unexpected intervention.
Dialogue
The conversation between characters in a literary work.
Diction
The choice of words and style of expression in a literary piece.
Dramatic monologue
A poem in which a single character speaks to an implied listener.
Dramatis personae
The characters or persons in a play.
Exposition
The introduction of background information in a story, including setting, characters, and basic conflict.
Fable
A short story that conveys a moral lesson, often featuring animals.
Falling action
The part of a story after the climax leading to the resolution.
Fiction
Literature that describes imaginary events and characters.
Figurative language
Language that uses words or expressions with a meaning different from the literal interpretation.
Flashback
A narrative device that interrupts the chronological flow to recount an event from the past.
Foil
A character who contrasts with another character to highlight particular qualities.
Foot
A basic unit of meter in poetry, composed of stressed and unstressed syllables.
Foreshadowing
Hints or clues about what will happen later in a narrative.
Fourth wall
The imaginary barrier between the audience and the performers in a play.
Gesture
Physical movement by a character, often conveying emotion or intention.
Iamb
A metrical foot consisting of an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable.
Imagery
Descriptive language used to evoke sensory experiences in the reader.
Irony
A discrepancy between expectation and reality, sometimes used for humorous or emphatic effect.
Literal language
Language that means exactly what it says, without interpretation or exaggeration.
Meter
The rhythmic structure of lines in poetry, determined by the pattern of stresses.
Metonymy
A figure of speech in which one word or phrase is substituted for another with which it is closely associated.
Monologue
A speech delivered by a single character, often revealing their inner thoughts.
Narrator
The voice or character that tells the story in a literary work.
Onomatopoeia
Words that imitate the sounds they represent.
Parody
A humorous or satirical imitation of a literary work.
Pathos
The quality in a work that evokes pity or sadness.
Personification
Giving human traits or characteristics to non-human entities.
Plot
The sequence of events that make up a story.
Point of view
The perspective from which a story is narrated.
Props
Objects used in a play or film to enhance the setting or action.
Protagonist
The main character in a story, often facing conflict or change.
Quatrain
A stanza of four lines, often with alternating rhymes.
Recognition
A moment in a narrative where a character comes to an understanding of their situation.
