AP Bio Carbohydrates
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Last updated 2:30 AM on 11/9/22
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30 Terms
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carbohydrate
organic molecule made of sugars and their polymers
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monosaccharides
simple sugar in which C, H, and O are found in a ratio of CH2O
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monosaccharides
hydroxyl group attached to each carbon except one, which has a carbonyl group
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monosaccharides
in aqeous solutions, many monosaccharides form rings
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glyceraldehydes
triose - 3 carbons
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deoxyribose
pentose - 5 carbons
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glucose
hexose - 6 carbons
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disaccharides
a double sugar that consists of 2 monosaccarides
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glycosdic linkage
the covalent bond between two monosaccarides
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maltose
glucose + glucose (disaccharide)
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lactose
glucose + galactose (disaccharide)
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sucrose
glucose + fructose (disaccharide)
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polysaccharides
polymers of sugars
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polysaccharides
are formed by linking monomers through enzyme mediated condensation reactions
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polysaccharides
can be energy storing molecules or structural molecules
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starch
glucose polymer that is used for energy storage in plants
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starch
helical with α 1-4 linkages
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starch
stored in plastids
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starch
most animals have the enzymes that are needed to digest hydrolyze starch
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starch
major sources in human diet are potato and grain
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glycogen
glucose polymer that is used for energy storage in animals
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glycogen
more highly branched than starch with α 1-4 linkages
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glycogen
stored in the liver in humans (some in muscle)
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cellulose
glucose polymer that is used for structural purposes in plants
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cellulose
found in plant cell walls
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cellulose
conncted with β 1-4 linkages
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glycosidic linkages
cellulose and starch have different properties because of the different
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cellulose
we do not have the enzymes to hydrolyze β 1-4 linkages. we cannot digest cellulose (ex. grass)
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chitlin
structural polysaccharide that is a polymer of an amino sugar
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chitlin
forms the exoskeleton of anthropods (insects. crustaceans, arachnids)
Note 
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