Studied by 8 peoplecarbohydrate
organic molecule made of sugars and their polymers
monosaccharides
simple sugar in which C, H, and O are found in a ratio of CH2O
monosaccharides
hydroxyl group attached to each carbon except one, which has a carbonyl group
monosaccharides
in aqeous solutions, many monosaccharides form rings
glyceraldehydes
triose - 3 carbons
deoxyribose
pentose - 5 carbons
glucose
hexose - 6 carbons
disaccharides
a double sugar that consists of 2 monosaccarides
glycosdic linkage
the covalent bond between two monosaccarides
maltose
glucose + glucose (disaccharide)
lactose
glucose + galactose (disaccharide)
sucrose
glucose + fructose (disaccharide)
polysaccharides
polymers of sugars
polysaccharides
are formed by linking monomers through enzyme mediated condensation reactions
polysaccharides
can be energy storing molecules or structural molecules
starch
glucose polymer that is used for energy storage in plants
starch
helical with α 1-4 linkages
starch
stored in plastids
starch
most animals have the enzymes that are needed to digest hydrolyze starch
starch
major sources in human diet are potato and grain
glycogen
glucose polymer that is used for energy storage in animals
glycogen
more highly branched than starch with α 1-4 linkages
glycogen
stored in the liver in humans (some in muscle)
cellulose
glucose polymer that is used for structural purposes in plants
cellulose
found in plant cell walls
cellulose
conncted with β 1-4 linkages
glycosidic linkages
cellulose and starch have different properties because of the different
cellulose
we do not have the enzymes to hydrolyze β 1-4 linkages. we cannot digest cellulose (ex. grass)
chitlin
structural polysaccharide that is a polymer of an amino sugar
chitlin
forms the exoskeleton of anthropods (insects. crustaceans, arachnids)
Note
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