Verbs

Lexical Verbs

Action verbs that convey a specific meaning and can stand alone in a sentence.

Primary Verbs

Foundational verbs in English, including be, have, and do.

Finiteness

Indicates whether a verb expresses tense.

Transitivity

Refers to whether a verb can take objects.

Active Voice

Describes the structure where the subject performs the action.

Passive Voice

Describes the structure where the action is performed upon the subject.

Tense

Indicates the time of the action (past, present, future).

Aspect

Describes the nature of the action over time (e.g., simple, continuous, perfect).

Base Form

The basic form of a verb, such as 'run'.

Past Simple

The form of a verb used to indicate an action that has already happened (e.g., ran).

Past Participle

The form of the verb typically used in perfect tenses (e.g., run).

Present Participle

The form of the verb indicating an ongoing action (e.g., running).

Subject

The doer of the action or the topic of the clause.

Predicate

Provides information about the subject, usually containing a verb and its objects or complements.

Direct Object

Receives the action of the verb and answers 'what?' or 'whom?'

Indirect Object

Answers 'to whom?' or 'for whom?' the action is done.

Complement

Provides additional information about the subject or object.

Adverbial

Modifies the verb, providing context such as time, place, manner, or reason.

Subject Predicative

An element giving additional information about the subject, often after linking verbs.

Object Predicative

An element providing further information about the object, usually after a verb that links to a complement.

Common Nouns

General items such as 'dog' or 'city'.

Proper Nouns

Specific names like 'London' or 'Emily'.

Abstract Nouns

Ideas or qualities such as 'love' or 'beauty'.

Transitive Verbs

Verbs that require an object (e.g., 'read').

Intransitive Verbs

Verbs that do not require an object (e.g., 'sleep').

Linking Verbs

Verbs that connect the subject to a complement (e.g., 'seem').

Descriptive Adjectives

Adjectives that describe qualities (e.g., 'tall').

Quantitative Adjectives

Adjectives that indicate quantity (e.g., 'some').

Manner Adverbs

Adverbs that describe how an action is performed (e.g., 'quickly').

Time Adverbs

Adverbs that indicate when an action takes place (e.g., 'now').

Negator

A word that denies or contradicts a statement (e.g., 'not').

Infinitive Marker

A word that precedes the base form of a verb to form the infinitive (e.g., 'to').

Open word class

A category of words that can readily accept new members, including nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs.

Closed word class

A category of words that do not readily accept new members, including pronouns, prepositions, conjunctions, and determiners.

Preposition

A type of closed class word that shows the relationship between a noun or pronoun and other elements in a sentence, typically indicating direction, location, or time.