Heart Failure Quiz - Patho

Feen

Heart Failure

the heart is unable to pump enough blood to meet the body’s needs

Cardiac Output

during heart failure, this decreases.

Decreased Forward Flow

tired, weak, cold extremeties, decreased urine output, dizzy, syncope, altered mental state.

Increased Backflow

pulmonary congestion→shortness of breath, orthopnea, paroxysmal, nocturnal, dyspnea, bendopena. Increased workload on right heart → right heart failure: increased Jugular Venus pressure, edema, ascites.

Left ventricular failure

decrease in blood flow to the body, increasing pressure on the pulmonary veins, and fluid seeps into the lungs, causing a backflow into the right ventricles.

Right Ventricular failure

deoxygenated blood backs up into the body, decreasing forward flow. This causes: edema, aspides, difficulty breathing, increased Jugular venous pressure, third spacing in abdomen.

Increase Preload

Stretching of heart when ventricles are full. Increase in blood volume, meds, and a decrease in heart rate.

Decrease Preload

Decrease in blood volume, meds=diuretics, and an increased heart rate.

Kidney responding to heart failure

thinks there is a decrease in blood volume, but there isn’t. decrease in effective volume, so these release vasoconstrictors and reabsorb sodium.

Cardiomyopathy

a disease of the heart muscle that makes it harder for the heart to pump blood to the rest of the body.

Ace Inhibitors

dialate arteries (make BIGGER, decreased after load)

Nitrates

dilate veins (make BIGGER, decreased preload)

Diuretics

decrease in intravascular volume (decreased preload)

Increase Afterload

force heart has to overcome to eject blood. aortic valve stenosis, hypertension, increased blood pressure.

Decrease Afterload

decreased blood pressure, meds include vasodilation, hypotension.

Orthopena

shortness of breath when lying on back, due to backflow. Failing heart cannot handle increased pressure.

Bendopena

shortness of breath when bending over. often a sign of worsening heart failure. 

Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspena

difficulty breathing at night, but fine when standing.

Beta Blockers

decreased rate of ventricular filling.

Inotropes

increased force of ventricular contraction

Causes of heart failure

diabetes, coronary heart disease, high blood pressure, smoking, alcohol abuse, obesity, genetics.

cold vs warm

decreased in bloodflow. cool extremeties decreased urine output and decrease flow to brain.

wet vs dry

backflow, crackley lung sounds, “wet lung”, ascites, swollen hands/feet.