DNA & RNA

What does DNA stand for?

Deoxyribonucleic acid

What does RNA stand for?

Ribonucleic acid

Where is DNA located in eukaryotic cells?

Nucleus

Which molecule carries genetic information out of the nucleus?

mRNA

What shape is the DNA molecule?

Double helix

What are the building blocks of DNA?

Nucleotides

A nucleotide consists of

A sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogenous base

The sugar in DNA is

Deoxyribose

Which of the following is NOT a DNA base?

Uracil

In DNA, adenine pairs with

Thymine

In DNA, guanine pairs with

Cytosine

What type of bonds hold DNA base pairs together?

Hydrogen bonds

The two strands of DNA run in

Antiparallel directionS

DNA replication is described as

Semi-conservative

The main enzyme responsible for DNA replication is

DNA polymerase

During replication, each new DNA molecule contains

One old and one new strand

DNA replication is essential for

Cell division

DNA replication occurs during which phase of the cell cycle?

S phase

The process of making RNA from DNA is called

Transcription

The enzyme responsible for transcription is

RNA polymerase

Which type of RNA carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosomes?

mRNA

Which type of RNA makes up ribosomes?

rRNA

Which type of RNA brings amino acids to the ribosome?

tRNA

The DNA strand used to build RNA is called the

Template strand

In RNA, adenine pairs with

Uracil

Which base is found in RNA but not in DNA?

Uracil

Where does translation occur?

Ribosome

The three-nucleotide code in mRNA is called a

Codon

The three-nucleotide code in mRNA is called a

Anticodon

The process of converting mRNA into a protein is called

Translation

Which type of RNA reads codons and brings the correct amino acid?

tRNA

The sequence of amino acids in a protein is called its

Primary Structure

The start codon for translation is

AUG

Codons are read in sets of

3 nucleotides

Which best describes the central dogma of biology?

DNA → RNA → Protein

Genes are instructions for building

Proteins

Mutations are changes in the

DNA sequence

Which of the following is true about RNA compared to DNA?

RNA contains ribose sugar, DNA contains deoxyribose sugar

Which of the following occurs first in gene expression?

Transcription

Which cellular structure assembles amino acids into proteins?

Ribosome

If a DNA strand reads ATCG, the complementary DNA strand would read

TAGC

If a DNA template strand reads TAC, the mRNA codon would be

AUG

If mRNA codon = AUG, the anticodon on tRNA would be

UAC

A mutation changes an mRNA codon from UAU to UAA. What is the result?

Stop codon introduced

Which best describes tRNA?

Brings amino acids during translation

Which process ensures that each new cell gets an identical copy of DNA?

Replication

Which process ensures that each new cell gets an identical copy of DNA?

Replication