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Ulysses S Grant
18th President of US whose presidency was marked by Reconstruction-era policies and rampant political corruption
Civil War hero who helped secure Union victory
freedmen, KKK
Despite having a troubled presidency, Ulysses S. Grant had good intentions
he promoted civil rights for ?
curbed the activities of the ?
Panic of 1873
Ulysses S. Grant presided over the ? which caused economic instability in the country
Boss Tweed
A powerful and corrupt political figure who led New York City’s Tammany Hall in the 19th century
catered to immigrant communities, particularly Irish, in exchange for political support
Was exposed by Thomas Nast’s cartoons
Tweed Ring
An exploitive crime ring controlled by Boss Tweed that manipulated the municipal government to embezzle millions of dollars
political corruption
Boss Tweed symbolized the ? during the Gilded Age
triggered public outcry
Tammany Hall
a political machine associated with the Democratic Party that Boss Tweed took advantage of to control local politics
Credit Mobilier Scandal
A scandal that uncovered a fraudulent construction enterprise that bribed congressmen and government officials with shares of stock to secure federal contracts
tarnished the reputation of Vice President Schuyler Colfax
discovered during the construction of the Union Pacific Railroad
greed, trust
Not only was Credit Mobilier a prime example of corporate ?, it undermined public ? in the government
Liberal Republicans
A political party that rose in opposition of the corruption of Ulysses S. Grant’s administration and the excesses of Reconstruction
led by reform-minded people
struggled to gain widespread support
Horace Greeley
The president of the Liberal Republicans
a newspaper editor
South, military
The Liberal Republicans campaigned to reconcile with the ? and end ? occupation there
awareness
The Liberal Republicans raised ? about government corruption
Gilded Age
A period of rapid industrialization, urbanization, and economic growth in the US
characterized by extreme wealth and widespread inequality
got its name from Mark Twain
gold on the outside, corrupt underneath
corruption, monopolistic, reform
The Gilded Age was a time where political ? and ? corporations dominated
this age highlighted the desperate need for ?
Compromise of 1877
A compromise that resolved the presidential election of 1876
Rutherford B. Hayes gets to become president as a Republican while the Democrat Samuel Tilden loses
Republicans promise to withdraw troops from the South
Rutherford B. Hayes
The candidate who got to become the 19th president after the Compromise of 1877
The Compromise was just a deal, it had nothing to do with Congress
freedmen, Democrats, Jim Crow
The Compromise of 1877 left ? vulnerable and disenfranchised most of them
Allowed Southern ? to regain control
Solidified the power of ? Laws
Sharecropping
A system of agricultural labor that replaced slavery
freedmen and poor white farmers rented land from wealthy landowners
in exchange, the farmers must repay the landowners with their crops
debt, poverty, South’s
Sharecropping typically trapped farmers in cycles of crippling ? and immense ?
became the cornerstone of the ? new exploitive economy
disproportionately affected African Americans
Jim Crow Laws
State and local regulations enforcing racial segregation in the South following Reconstruction
institutionalized discrimination against African Americans
federal
Jim Crow Laws represented the ? government’s reluctance to intervene with racial discrimination
Plessy v Ferguson
A supreme Court case that upheld segregation under the pretense that African Americans are “Separate, but Equal”
racism, 15th
Plessy v Ferguson legitimized system ? for decades and somehow managed to bypass the ? Amendment
Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882
The first US federal law to explicitly ban immigration based on nationality
targeted Chinse laborers
accused of undercutting wages
accused of taking jobs from white workers
Chinese, xenophobia
The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 represented anti-? sentiment and a growing idea of ? in the US
James A Garfield
20th President of the US who served only a few months before his assassination in 1881
strong stance against political corruption, particularly the Spoils System
Chester A Arthur
James A Garfield’s vice president who shortly became president after Garfield’s assassination
despite his ties to the Spoils System, notably signed the Pendleton Act to end it
corruption, reform
James A. Garfield and Chester A. Arthur both represented an increasing fight against political ? and working towards ?
Pendleton Act
An act signed by Chester A. Arthur to establish the Civil Service Commission in order to oversee government appointments based purely on merit
ethical
The Pendleton Act reflected the public demand for ? governance and accountability
helped reduce corruption
Grover Cleveland
22nd and 24th president of the US who was known for honesty and his commitment to a limited government
opposed political corruption
pushed for fiscal conservatism
overshadowed by Panic of 1893
pension, reform
Grover Cleveland vetoed excessive ? bills and ? tariffs
integrity
Grover Cleveland is remembered for upright ? and resistance to political pressure
Thomas B Reed
Speaker of the House during the late 19th century
revolutionized congressional procedures with strong leadership and the “Reed Rules”
limited obstructionist tactics
made the 51st Congress known as the Billion-Dollar Congress
Billion-Dollar Congress
The 51st Congress that ran under Speaker of the House Thomas B. Reed
known for
unprecedented spending
military pensions
infrastructure projects
efficiency
debt, industrialists
The Billion-Dollar Congress was criticized for increases the national ? and favoring wealthy ?
legislative, majority
Reed’s reforms helped modernize the ? processes and consolidated the power of the ? party in the House
he got rid of “disappearing quoroms”
basically, if you were present at a meeting, you are required to vote
people in the minority party would sometimes not vote in order to screw over the overall decision to benefit themselves
Populists
A new party that emerged in the 1890s to address the grievances of farmers and laborers who felt neglected by the government
advocated for free silver, government ownership of railroads, and direct election of senators
also known as “People’s Party”
progressive, Democrats
The Populist party influenced ? reforms in the 20th century
eventually merged with ? in 1896
Homestead Strike
Violent labor dispute between the Amalgamated Association of Iron, Steel Workers, and the Carnegie Steel Company
workers protested wage cuts at the Homestead Plant
Management led by Henry Clay Frick hired Pinkerton guards to break the strike
dead, organized
The Homestead Strike left several ? and was a major defeat for ? labor
corporate
The Homestead Strike highlighted the government’s siding with ? interests over labor rights