LECTURE 27- Livestock production systems I: farming systems
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27 Terms
what are the most common DAIRY cattle breeds in NZ
Holstein Friesian, Jersey and KiwiCross
what are the most common BEEF cattle breeds in NZ
angus, hereford
what are the most common sheep breeds in NZ
romney (for meat), merino (for fine wool)
what are the most common pig breeds in NZ
large white, landrace, duroc, hampshire
what are the two kinds of chickens
broilers: bred for meat
layer hens: bred for eggs
what is an intensive production system
A system of farming that uses large amounts of labour and capital (money) relative to land area
what is an extensive production system
A system of farming that uses small amounts of labour and capital (money) relative to land area
what percentage of NZ piggeries are outdoor operations
40-50%
what kinds of outdoor piggery operations are there
free farmed and free range
what percentage of NZ meat chickens are raised in barns
97%
what are the 3 housing systems for layer chickens
Colony cages (33%); cages with bars for roosting and partitions
Free range (34%); access to extensive outdoor areas, with an indoor shelter
Barn (33%); similar to broiler house. Things for enrichment and deep litter system
how many poultry/egg farms down NZ have
160
why does NZ lead the world in poultry performance
disease-free status (free of newcastle disease and avian influenza)
how long does it take NZ broiler chickens to reach 2kg, compared to internationally
NZ: 30 days
Internationally: 40 days
how many eggs do NZ layer hens lay compared to internationally
NZ: 300-320 eggs/year
internationally: 260-300 eggs/year
what does NZ’s temperate climate mean for livestock
Ruminant livestock in NZ can feed on grass 12 months of the year
what season has a surplus of pasture growth
spring
what season has a pasture quantity and quality deficit with reproductive grass
summer
waht season has a small pasture surplus
autumn
what season has the biggest pasture deficit
winter
what are the beef/lamb farm categories based on
8 categories based on land type and/or farming activity
what are dairy farm categories based on
5 categories based on feed input
what type of farms are most farms in NZ
hill country farms
what kind of feed is most common for sheep and beef cattle in NZ
grass
why does dairy production in NZ occur of flatter farmland
easier livestock transportation and growing specific types of feed (to meet nutrition requirements) that are easier on flat land
what does organic mean
labelling term for products. Products have to be produced in accordance with organic production standards
is NZ mostly organic or non-organic
non-organic