8/24 - Camelid Diseases

BCS

A change in what PE component can help indicate whether the problem is acute or chronic?

Acute

In problems involving dystocia or neonates, is the issue likely chronic or acute?

Depression

Will an animal with infections and pain suffer from depression or weight loss or both?

Weight Loss

Will an animal with Johne’s disease, TB, tumours, dental problems, megaesophagus, feeding problems, hierarchy problems, and pain suffer from depression, weight loss, or both?

Both

Will an animal suffering from parasites, dietary insufficiency, C3 ulcers, and hepatic lipidosis suffer from depression, weight loss, or both?

PVC, TP

Which two tests (abbreviated) are the two main blood tests to do in a sick camelid?

Albumin

If total protein is low in a camelid (under 51-78 g/l) is it more likely to be an albumin or globulin problem?

No

Can camelid blood be placed in a normal hematology machine?

Anemia

What clinical sign/condition often occurs subsequent to Haemonchus contortus or Mycoplasma haemolamae infections, as well as trace element deficiencies and chronic diseases?

Oxytetracycline

What drug can be used to treat M. haemolamae? B-lactams are not effective against these bacteria. They are diagnosed by blood smear and PCR.

Iron, Cobalt, Copper

Which three trace elements should be measured in the blood of camelids with anemia? They cause non-regenerative anemia.

Haemonchus

What genus of worms is also called the barber pole worm? Camelids with this present with pale animals, often have sudden collapse, can have PCV as low as 5%, and require blood transfusion and worming.

FEC

If a camelid is treated for Haemonchus contortus and the PCV continues to fall, you should repeat which test?

Hypoproteinemia

What clinical sign on bloodwork indicates you should look for endoparasites (FEC and treat), Johne’s disease (fecal PCR), enteritis (same causes as sheep/cow), and kidney disease (dipstick and scan)?

Chronic

Which type of fluke infestation (acute or chronic) is the only one which can be diagnosed with FEC antemortem? Otherwise you must do postmortem exam.

Lipidosis

Hepatic what condition in camelids presents with gradual weight loss then rapid decline, and tend to be pregnant females? Test liver parameters (albumin, globulins, GLDH, GGT, glucose), as well as ketones, NEFAs, triglycerides, bile acids, and clotting times.

Glucose

Therapy with what substance is the main treatment for hepatic lipidosis? Having a readily available food source is also important.

No

Can propylene glycol be given to camelids?

Liver

If clotting times are increased in camelids with hepatic lipidosis, this likely means that what organ is failing?

Poor

What prognosis does hepatic lipidosis have in camelids?

C3

Ulcers in which stomach compartment of camelids present with vague clinical signs, pain, and low WBC count? Diagnosis can be done by observing the border of this component or by assuming that they are present.

Pantoprazole

What drug, a proton pump inhibitor, is given either IV or SC to prevent and treat C3 ulcers in camelids?

No

Is this a normal position for a healthy camelid?

Listeria

Unilateral neurological sign in camelids may indicate either otitis media/interna or what bacteria infection? CSF is tested to differentiate.

Yes

Can FPT lead to meningitis and brain abscesses in young camelids? This causes depression and opisthotonus.

PEM

What condition in camelids (abbreviated) can be seen in thin animals with chronic disease? Often it is associated with high concentrate intake and leads to blindness but maintenance of PLRs. Vitamin B1 IM is the treatment.

IM

Vitamin B1 given in what route is the treatment of choice for PEM in camelids?

P. tenuis

Which meningeal worm (first initial and species name) has its definitive host as the white-tailed deer and is passed to camelids through infected molluscs? They then migrate to the CNS and cause nerve signs. Clinical signs include wide-based hindlimb stance, hindlimb ataxia, and recumbency. The forelimbs are usually unaffected and animals remain BAR and have good appetites. Definitive diagnosis is only done postmortem (high eosinophils and protein).

Fenbendazole

What drug is the treatment for P. tenuis infection in camelids?

C1-C5

Which spine region will have UMN signs to all limbs?

C6-T2

Which spine region will have LMN signs to forelimbs and UMN signs to hindlimbs?

T3-L3

Which spine region will have normal forelimbs and UMN signs to hindlimbs?

L4-S2

Which spine region will have normal forelimbs and LMN signs to hindlimbs?

S1-S3

Which spine region will have partial LMN signs to hindlimbs plus incontinence?

TB

Bovine what disease (abbreviated) is known to be present in alpacas and is suspected in alpacas with weight loss and cough? Radiographs are important if still alive.

55

A TP of over how many g/L is sufficient for passive transfer in camelids? GGT indicates uptake but not quality.

Aspiration Pneumonia

What condition can occur in crias with a history of being bottle fed and respiratory signs? It has poor prognosis but is treated with antibiotics.

E. mac

What species of coccidia (first initial and species name) is tested with Modified Stoll tests and has a double wall and is larger than other coccidia? It is a major factor in camelids.

Cardiac

What type of congenital defects are most commonly VSD or ASD and can be suggested by any respiratory clinical signs? You should dissuade from breeding.

Choanal Atresia

What respiratory congenital defect of camelids affects them as they are obligate nasal breathers and presents as dyspnea and mouth breathing? These can be euthanized.

Renal

What disease (body system) may be common in older camelids?

No

Are there any drugs licensed for camelids in the USA?

SC

All drugs can be given what route in camelids?

No

Should Micotil, albendazole and macrolides be given in camelids?

Yes

Can penicillin, oxytetracycline, ceftiofur, TMPS, flunixin (horse dose), meloxicam, oxytocin, prostaglandins, GnRH, fenbendazole, ivermectin, toltrazuril, butorphanol, vitamin B1, vitamin B12, glucose, pantoprazole, and fluids be used in camelids?

Toltrazuril

Which anti-coccidial drug can be used to treat E. mac in camelids?

No

Can oral antibiotics be used in camelids?

2

Castration in camelids is preferably done before 2 months old, but cannot be done before how many weeks of age? Earlier castration will cause longer legs and predisposition to patellar subluxation/arthritis. Tetanus prophylaxis should be given.

Yes

Can camelid castration be done either standing or in lateral recumbency (one or two incisions)?

Xylazine

What drug is given for sedation by itself to camelids, either IV or IM?

IV

For sedation, butorphanol, xylazine, and midazolam/diazepam can be given what route as a combination?

Ketamine, Xylazine, Butorphanol

What three drugs are given in a combination called BKX (IM) to produce general anesthesia in camelids?

Yes

Can IV ketamine and/or propofol be given to produce general anesthesia in camelids (after sedating with xylazine)?